Vol 92, No 5 (2015)

Aim. Study the effect of water temperature from 40 to 70°C on viability of plankton forms and model Legionella pneumophila under experimental conditions. Materials and methods. Monospecies legionella biofilms, obtained in plates for enzyme immunoassay during 96 hours at 28°C, and water suspension of BCYE agar cultivated cells of L.pneumophila at a concentration of 103 - 105 CFU per liter were used in the study for evaluation of bactericidal effect of temperature on various legionella forms. Results. Analysis of effects of various temperature regimens on plankton forms and model legionella biofilms has shown that at a temperature range from 50 to 60°C a significant reduction of quantity of viable legionella cells occurs. Model legionella biofilms have partially conserved viability at a temperature of 60°C and only exposition to a temperature of 70°C resulted in death of legionella biofilms and plankton forms of bacteria. A dependence of viability conservation of legionella from the initial concentration of the causative agent in water and duration of exposition at varying temperature was shown. Conclusion. Short-term heating at a temperature of at least 70°C has the most pronounced bactericidal effect on plankton forms and model L.pneumophila biofilms under experimental conditions. Such temperature regimen could be used as one of the prophylaxis approaches during maintenance of especially dangerous water system and, fist of all, systems of hot water supply.

Aim. Evaluate humoral immune IgG response to 13 specific capsule polysaccharides in healthy blood donors and individuals immunized with pneumococcal vaccines. Materials and methods. A solid-phase EIA method was used with sorption on polystyrol of pneumococcal CPS isolated by us (1, 3, 4, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9N, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F). Blood sera of 140 healthy donors, 42 conscripts (young males) vaccinated with Pneumo-23 and 5 adults that are frequently ill with various bronchial-lung diseases for a long time and vaccinated with Prevenar-13 preparation were analyzed. IgG level was expressed in conventional units. Results. The mean level of antibodies against pneumococcal CPS in donors was at the level of 70 c.u.; in conscripts during the prevaccination period - 50 c.u.; in frequently ill for a long time - 90 c.u. In 14 of140 donors increased antibody levels against one or several CPS simultaneously were observed. During post-vaccinal period in vaccinated with Pneumo-23 an increase of antibody levels against 12 - 13 CPS varying by specificity was observed only in 9 of 42 individuals; 1 individual did not have an increase of antibody levels against any of the 13 CPS; in 32 of 42 - the antibody levels against 1 or several CPS did not increase. In 5 individuals vaccinated with Prevenar-13 a rise of antibody levels against 1 - 9 CPS, that are included in the vaccine, was not detected. Conclusion. Thus, clinical trials during registration of newly developed vaccines should, in our opinion, include evaluation of the initial levels of specific antibodies against each polysaccharide component of the vaccine in blood sera of all groups of volunteers. This would allow to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccination.

Aim. Study the effectiveness of the substance and various drug formulations of fullerene-(tris-aminocapronic acid) hydrate (FTAAH onwards) in the model of experimental viral-bacterial pneumonia of mice. Materials and methods. BALB/c mice were infected with influenza virus A/ California/04/2009 and subsequently infected with Staphylococcus uureus. The animals were treated after viral infection with the substance and various drug forms of FTAAH, as well as comparative preparations - oseltamivir and arbidol. Therapy effectiveness was evaluated by clinical indicators (survival, lifespan, animal mass decrease reduction), virological (virus titer), microbiological (density ofbacteria in lungs) parameters, confirmed by pathomorphological characteristics of lungs. Results. FTAAH therapy in injectable form was effective in the model of a combined viral-bacterial pneumonia of mice by all the studied criteria: treatment increased mice survival, reduced the decrease of their body weight, resulted in a reduction of virus titers and density of bacteria in lungs, that correlated with the data from morphological study and signs of bronchopneumonia resolution in mice. FTAAH therapy in rectal form depended on animal infection schemes, as well as preparation dose, increasing with its increase. Conclusion. FTAAH substance is effective in the model of experimental viral-bacterial pneumonia of mice.

Aim. Study the effect of lactobacilli exopolysaccharides (EPS) on cytokine and phagocyte activity in vitro and in mice organism during modelling of an infectious process. Materials and methods. Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp. delbrueckii B-1596 (laksaran 1596), L. delbrueckii B-1936 (laksaran 1936) and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (laksaran Z) were used in the study. EPS were administered into white mice 1 hour after the Staphylococcus aureus 209-P infection. Index of phagocyte completion and index of killing activation (IKA) were calculated during phagocyte activity study. IL-1a, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokine content was determined in blood sera and macrophage supernatants. Results. Laksaran 1596, 1936 and Z had ambiguous effect on cytokine production. Laksaran Z and 1936, 6 hours after mice infection increased IL-1 content in blood sera. Laksaran Z had the most pronounced effect on macrophages, resulting in an increase of active macrophages, facilitating increased digestion of S. aureus 209-Р and IKA increase, stimulated cytokine production. Conclusion. The results obtained allow to speak about a possibility of using laksaran Z as a prophylaxis immune modulating preparation for correction of animal cytokine status.

Aim. Study of humoral immune response features in patients with acute hepatitis C (AHC) with various disease outcomes based on modelling of antigen determinants of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by synthetic peptides and genetically engineered polypeptides. Materials and methods. 20 patients with icteric form of AHC based on clinical-biochemical presentation and HCV RNA detection by PCR in blood sera during 12 months from the disease onset were included into the study. Antibody seroconversion study was carried out by EIA. Genetically engineered proteins and synthetic peptides were used as antigens. Results. Similarity and differences of humoral immune response against the HCV antigens used in this study depending on the disease outcome (convalescence or chronicity) were shown. Significant difference of the humoral immune response to both HCV core protein and various fragments of the immune dominant region of this protein were detected, that indicates on a link of these features of immune response with perspectives of a more or less favorable disease development. Conclusion. The regularities of seroconversion detected allow to consider anti-NS5 IgG as a prognostic marker of the disease chronicity. Such marker, as anti-NS3 IgG, is important for diagnostics, but not for disease outcome prognosis.

Aim. Determination of the effect of microorganisms on spoilage of meat products during various temperature regimes of storage by integral indexes of luminescent lines in their spectra and development of an algorithm ofmicroorganism indication by an express method using laser Raman-luminescent spectroscopy. Materials and methods. Minced meat from beef and pork was used. Determination of quantity of mesophilic aerobic and opportunistic-anaerobic microorganisms was carried out by serial 10-fold dilutions with subsequent parallel seeding into Rida count total 24 plates and Petri dishes with 5% blood agar. Sample study was carried out in luminescent software-hardware complex Enspectr L405 (a variant ofEnspectr М software-hardware complexes). Results. Meat spoilage was established to be caused to a large degree by Pseudomonas genus (P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. fragi et al.) bacterial growth. Raman-luminescent spectra of bacteria that compose microflora, characterizing and accompanying beef and pork spoilage, were measured and recorded into a database. Conclusion. The results obtained will allow to use this technique in the future for both express-indication and differentiation of microorganisms and express-evaluation of quality of meat products at all stages of their manufacturing, storage, transport and realization.

Due to features of its structure and biological properties, liposomes became not only a useful model for study of cell membranes of various organs and tissues, but also unique transporters of drugs and vaccines in the organism. At the same time, biological effect on humans and animals of the preparations included into them significantly increases. An increasingly wider use of liposomes in medicine, biology and certain adjacent specialties necessitates further studies of their effect on macroorganism, generalization, systematization and analysis of already available data. Questions of effect of intact and «empty» liposomes on biochemical and immunological parameters of the organism are examined in the review. Analysis of the ability of liposomes to render biological effect depending on their composition, preparation method and administration route is carried out. These data should be taken into consideration during creation of liposome drugs and vaccines.

Epidemiologic analysis of epidemic outbreaks caused by American equine encephalitis causative agents is carried out in the review. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and Venezuela equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses are etiologic agents of dangerous transmissive diseases that are usually accompanied by fever and neurologic symptoms. Among the New World alphaviruses, VEE virus has the most potential danger for humans and domestic animals. Currently, enzootic strains of VEE play an increasing role as etiologic agents of human diseases. Most of the VEE cases in humans in endemic regions during inter-epidemic period are caused by infection with VEE subtype ID virus. A possibility of emergence of novel epidemic outbreaks of VEE is determined by mutations of ID subtype strains into IC subtype, and those currently pose a potential threat as an etiologic agent of the disease. Despite low morbidity, EEE and WEE are a problem for healthcare due to a relatively high frequency of lethal outcomes of the disease.