Vol 93, No 3 (2016)

ORIGINAL RESEARCHES

INTERMICROBIAL «SELF-NON-SELF» DISCRIMINATION IN «DOMINANT-ASSO-CIANT» PAIR OF PROBIOTIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI M-17 AND E.COLI LEGM-18

Bukharin O.V., Perunova N.B., Ivanova E.V., Andryuschenko S.V.

Abstract

Aim. To use earlier developed method of intermicrobial «self-non-self» discrimination in «dominant-associant» pair for the assessment of foreignness of probiotic cultures of Escherichia coli M-17 (with pathogenicity island) and E. coli LEGM-18 (without pathogenicity island). Materials and methods. As dominants reference and clinical strains of bifidobacteria were used in the work, cultures of E. coli M-17 and E. coli LEGM-18 were taken as associants, differing in the presence of genes which code colibactin. Detection of the phenomenon of microbial discrimination was conducted according to the developed algorithm (Bukharin O.V., Perunova N.B., 2011) based on the principle of metabolite induction as a result of preliminary coincubation of dominants (bifidobacteria) with supernatant of associants and the formation of feed back in «dominant-as-sociant» pair. Special growth properties, biofilm formation, and antilysozyme activity served as biological characteristics of investigated coliform bacteria. Results. Testing of E. coli M -17 culture revealed depression of biological properties under investigation and it was estimated as «non-self» possibly due to the presence of pathogenicity island whereas E. coli LEGM-18 (without this fragment) sharply strengthened its biological characteristics and was subjected to assessment as «self». Conclusion. Use of intermicrobial «self-non-self» discrimination in «dominant-associant» pair is promising as basic method when selecting probiotic strains and cultures for creation of new symbiotic compositions and is suitable for quality control of probiotic products.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):3-9
pages 3-9 views

INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF BACTERIA IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA CULTURES BY COPPER AND ZINC CATIONS, APPLIED AT PHYSIOLOGICAL CONCENTRATIONS

Cheknev S.B., Vostrova E.I., Sarycheva M.A., Vostrov A.V.

Abstract

Aim. Evaluation of antibacterial effect of y-globulin fraction bound and free copper and zinc cations, applied in cultures of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa at physiological (micromolar) concentrations. Materials and methods. Day cultures of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa were transferred from agar to physiological solution, and cell suspension was prepared, containing approximately 103 - 104 CFU/ml. Samples of metal-complexes of y-globulin with copper and zinc cations (30 and 45 pg/ml), control y-globulins (30 and 45 pg/ml) and salt solutions of copper and zinc, cation content in those corresponded to the quantity of the metal, that had bound with the protein at the stage of metal-complex obtaining (75 ng/ml), were introduced into the suspension. The suspensions were incubated at 37°C for 6 hours, sampling and CFU count according to the accepted micromethod was carried out every 2 hours. By the end of incubation (6 hours of observation) the suspensions were transferred into nutrient broth, thermostated for 1 day at 37°C, transparency of the nutrient broth compared with control (sterile) was evaluated afterwards. Results. Toxic effect of copper and zinc cations is detected starting from the 3rd hour of observation in S. aureus culture. Viable bacteria are absent in the culture with zinc after 6 hours, with copper - after 4 hours of incubation, y-globulin, that had bound copper cations, reduces the quantity of viable cells compared with control protein by 11.9 - 33.0% (p<0.05 - 0.1) at 4 and 6 hours of incubation. In P. aeruginosa culture, toxic effect of copper cations manifests immediately after initiation of the culture and results in realization of complete bactericidal effect after 4 hours of observation. Zinc cations do not have such properties, y-globulin, that had bound copper cations, reduces the quantity of viable cells compared with control protein at 4 and 6 hours of incubation by 19.3 - 25.8 % (p<0.001). Conclusion. S. aureus bacteria, supported in physiological solution are subject to toxic effect of physiological (micromolar) concentrations of free copper and zinc cations, and also copper cations, bound by human serum y-globulin. P. aeruginosa bacteria under the same conditions experience toxic effect of copper cations (but not zinc), free as well as bound by human serum y-globulin. Whereas a full bactericidal effect is realized in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa cultures in the presence of free cations of copper.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):9-18
pages 9-18 views

EPIZOOTOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ZONING OF THE TERRITORY OF NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL REGION BY A DEGREE OF NON-WELFARE BY ANTHRAX USING ARC GIS10 PROGRAM

Buravtseva N.P., Antyuganov S.N., Semenko O.V., Ryazanova A.G., Eremenko E.I., Kulichenko A.N., Mezentsev V.M.

Abstract

Aim. Conducting epizootological and epidemiological zoning ofthe territory of North Caucasus Federal Region (NCFR) by the degree of non-welfare by anthrax using Arc GIS10 program. Materials and methods. 2 parameters were used during zoning of the territories of subjects of NCFR (Stavropol Region, Karachaevo-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Chechen, North Ossetia-Alania, Ingushetia, Dagestan Republics) by non-welfare by anthrax: integrated parameter of infection risk and epizootics risk. The parameters were input into the Arc GIS10 program. Materials on infection of humans and animals with anthrax for the last 55 (1960 - 2014) years were used. Results. The regions of the territories of NCFR subjects were distributed by non-welfare degree into 4 groups: group 1 - regions with a low degree of non-welfare, group 2 - regions with an average degree of non-welfare, group 3 - regions with a high degree of non-welfare, group 4 - regions with a very high degree of non-welfare. Conclusion. Taking into account high parameters of spread and intensity of epizootological and epidemiological situation, regions of groups 3 and 4 could be classified as endemic territories for anthrax, whereas all the other regions could be attributed to the zone of sporadic infection manifestation.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):19-24
pages 19-24 views

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF NATURAL FOCI OF HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

Mochalkin P.A., Mochalkin A.P., Stepanov E.G., Farvazova L.A., Popov N.V.

Abstract

Aim. Typization of natural foci of HFRS of the Republic of Bashkortostan and differentiation of their territories by the degree of potential epidemic hazard. Materials and methods. Materials of epizootologic and epidemiologic monitoring of natural foci of HFRS of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 1980 - 2014 were used. Evaluation of area of territory with high, medium and low potential epidemic hazard by HFRS was carried out taking into account multi-year parameters of morbidity by administrative districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. 3 gradations of morbidity level by HFRS - more than 201, 101 - 200, less than 100 per 100 thousand of the population - were used for epidemiologic differentiation of the territory. Results. 3 main landscape-epidemiologic types of HFRS foci were isolated - forest, forest-barrens, barrens, as well as their landscape variants. The area with a high degree of potential epidemic hazard by HFRS was established to be around 3.8%; medium - 15.9%, low - 80.3% of the whole territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Conclusion. A necessity of a differentiated approach to territories with various degree of potential epidemic hazard by HFRS is justified during execution of prophylaxis activities.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):24-31
pages 24-31 views

CONTEMPORARY EPIZOOTOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BRUCELLOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

Kurbonov K.M., Satorov S.S., Simonova E.G., Filatov N.N.

Abstract

Aim. Study epizootological and epidemiological features of brucellosis on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan under the conditions of social-economic transformation with evaluation of width and scale of its spread, as well as reasons of the present situation. Materials and methods. Official statistics data, results of expert evaluations, reports, analytical material of national and international organizations, results of clinical and epidemiological analysis were used. Descriptive-evaluative epidemiologic methods, serologic studies of samples obtained from humans, animals, environmental objects between 2000 and 2013; mapping using GIS-technology, as well as statistical analysis were used. Techniques of calculation of DALY index and population infection risk parameter were used. Results. Features of situation by brucellosis were detected, that lay in its wide spread among humans and agricultural animals, changes in morbidity structure, as well as character of its seasonal and territorial spread, connected with predominant effect of social risk factors. Conclusion. Contemporary situation for brucellosis in the Republic of Tajikistan is characterized by a pronounced non-welfare and determined by acting social-economic conditions. The main factors are changes in the conditions of conducting agricultural activity against the background of high level of unemployment and external work migration.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):31-37
pages 31-37 views

IMMUNOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF RECOMBINANT CHIMERIC POLYPEPTIDE OspCgar+afz OF BORRELIA GARINII AND B. AFZELIIISOLATES

Karavaev V..., Oleinikova E.S., Azaev M.S., Beklemishev' A.B.

Abstract

Aim. Comparative study of antigenic properties of recombinant proteins OspCgar and OspCafz and recombinant chimeric polypeptide OspCgar+afZ, that contains amino acid sequences of mature immune dominant OspC proteins of West-Siberian isolates of Borrelia garinii (OspCgar) and B. afzelii (OspCafz), and evaluation of possibility of their use as antigens during creation of test-systems for serodiagnostics of Lyme borreliosis (LB) on the territory of Western Siberia. Materials and methods. Recombinant chimeric polypeptide OspCgar+afz and recombinant mature proteins OspCgar and OspCafz, obtained by expression of the corresponding genes in Escherichia coli cells, purified by affinity chromatography in Ni-NTA-sepharose CL-6B and studied by EIA method for the ability to bind antibodies from sera of LB patients. Results. A difference in sensitivity of determination by EIA method of specific IgM and IgG against borreliae in blood sera of LB patients with localized stage of the disease during use of OspCgar, OspCafz and OspCgar+afZ chimera as antigens was shown. Chimeric antigen OspCgar+afz was established to show higher antigenic activity compared with each of the OspCgar or OspCafZ antigens separately. Conclusion. The results of the study allow to examine the recombinant chimeric polypeptide OspCgar+afz as a possible component during creation of test-systems for serodiagnostics of LB on the territory of West Siberia.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):37-44
pages 37-44 views

ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF USING IgY FROM CHICKEN IN SANDWICH METHOD OF HBsAg TESTING

Pechelyulko A.A., Tarakanova Y.N., Dmitriev A.D., Massino Y.S., Segal O.L., Lavrov V.F., Dmitriev D.A.

Abstract

Aim. Study antigen-binding ability of polyclonal antibodies (PCA) of chicken compared with monoclonal antibodies (MCA) of mice in the model of interaction with HBsAg. Materials and methods. Mice MCA 18C8 and MKA F3/F4 (IgG) were used, effective in enzyme immunoassay sandwich method of HBsAg determination (with a minimal detection dose of 0.017 ng/ml), and affinity purified anti-HBsAg PCA of chicken (IgY), obtained from 2 immunized birds (PCA No. 1 and PCA No. 2). The ability of antibodies to bind HBsAg was evaluated by analytical sensitivity (slope of binding curve) of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay system using mice MCA and chicken PCA. Results. PCA No. 2 has provided a statistically significant 40% increase of analytical sensitivity, compared with «standard» immobilized MCA 18C8, in model experiments of binding of peroxidase-labeled HBsAg. However, transition from model experiments to use of PKA No. 1 and PICA No. 2 in sandwich method of determination of HBsAg instead of immobilized MCA 18C8 or detecting MCA F3/F4 in all the cases, on the contrary, resulted in a decrease of analytical sensitivity. Conclusion. A lower flexibility of chicken PCA was assumed to be able to impede bivalent interaction in sandwich method, resulting in formation of less stable immune complexes. Without challenging value of IgY for the creation of immunochemical diagnostic methods, these facts and assumptions indicate a necessity of a deeper elucidation of the best areas of their application.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):44-51
pages 44-51 views

EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLICATION OF COMBINED THERAPY OF EARLY ERYTHEMA STAGE OF LYME DISEASE TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION IMMUNOGENESIS FEATURES

Sorokina E.V., Akhmatova N.K., Skhodova S.A., Chalaya E.L., Masyukova S.A.

Abstract

Aim. Study innate and adaptive immunity in patients with migrating erythema, clinical effectiveness of combined therapy using Immunovac vaccine and dynamics of immunologic parameters as a result of the therapy. Materials and methods. 37 adult patients with migrating erythema were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st gr. (14 individuals) - Immunovac by intranasal-subcutaneous method against the background of basic therapy; 2nd gr. (23 individuals) - 200 mg/day doxycycline therapy for 21 days. Phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils; TLRs expression on mononuclear leukocytes of peripheral blood (PBML) and skin cells in foci by flow cytometry with mAT against TLR2, 3,4, 5,6, 7, 8,9 using flow cytometer FC-500; subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes; levels of pro-, anti-inflammation and regulatory cytokines in blood sera by EIA method; IgG, IgM, IgA in blood sera were studied in patients before treatment and 1 month after therapy. Results. A high level of TLR2, 4, 7, 8 on skin cells in foci, TLR2, 4 - on blood cells; low content of CD95+ and CD25+, high level of serum IF-lb, IL-2 and IF-4, an increase of general IgE level was detected in patients with migrating erythema. Immunovac facilitated an increase of CD95+ and CD25+, IFN-y synthesis, reduced the level of general IgE in a more pronounced way than basic therapy. Conclusion. Inclusion of Immunovac into therapy of patients with migrating erythema facilitates increase of clinical effectiveness and correlates with correction of immunologic disorders.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):51-56
pages 51-56 views

CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VACCINATION OF CHILDREN AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION IN THE AMUR REGION

Chuchalin A.G., Onischenko G.G., Kolosov V.P., Kurganova O.P., Tezikov N.L., Manakov L.G., Perelman Y.M.

Abstract

Aim. To study the effectiveness of anti-pneumococcal vaccination of children in the organization of anti-epidemic measures in the areas of the flood in the Amur region. Material and methods. The monitoring program included 4988 children aged 2 to 5 years who have risk factors for pneumococcal infection. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevenar-13 was used for immunization. Data on the incidence of child with acute respiratory infection, acute otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis during the post-vaccination period were taken into account. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination we used indicators and specific criteria (coefficient prophylactic vaccination and infection index). Results. The level of total morbidity of children in post-immunization period decreased by 13.6%; the number of cases of pneumonia in the population of observed children decreased by 2.3 times; the total duration of the illness in children decreased by 14.6%, the number of courses of antibiotic therapy was reduced by 21.3%, the number of hospital admissions of children- 38.4%, the number of days of temporary disability of parents - 11.1%. Direct dependence of the degree of effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal disease by the age of children is determined. Conclusion. The findings suggest that implementation of the program of clinical and epidemiological monitoring and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia with use of a vaccine against pneumococcal infections in the territory of the Amur Region has a high level of medical and socio-economic efficiency.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):57-63
pages 57-63 views

A CASE OF IMPORT OF GENOTYPE 4 HEPATITIS E VIRUS INTO RUSSIA

Mikhailov M.I., Malinnikova E.Y., Kyuregyan K.K., Isaeva O.V.

Abstract

Aim. Description of the first documented case of imported hepatitis E, associated with genotype 4 of HEV and introduced from southern France. Materials and methods. Clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory analysis of the imported case of disease of hepatitis E was carried out. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of HEV isolate, taken from the patient, was carried out. Results. Epidemiologic analysis allowed to assume imported character of the detected case of HEV-infection. Comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences of regions of the open reading frame 2 (300 nt) and open reading frame 1 (721 nt) of HEV genome, isolated from the patient, showed identity of this isolate with variants of genotype 4 HEV, isolated in France in 2009 - 2011 from patients with autochthonous hepatitis E. Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the case of import into Russia of genotype 4 HEV from south-eastern France (Corsica), where spread of this virus genotype is observed in recent years.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):64-69
pages 64-69 views

COMPARISON OF DIAGNOSTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF METHODS OF DETECTION OF COXIELLA BURNETII IN BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH Q FEVER BASED ON AMPLIFICATION OF 16S rRNA GENE FRAGMENTS (STANDARD PCR) AND groEL GENE (REALTIME PCR)

Panferova Y.A., Freilikhman O.A., Tokarevich N.K., Karpenko S.F., Galimzyanov K.M.

Abstract

Aim. Comparison of diagnostic capabilities of 2 variants of PCR for detection of Coxiella burnetii persistence in dynamics of infectious process in patients with Q fever. Materials and methods. 110 samples of clinical material, obtained from patients with Q fever in an endemic region for this infection (Astrakhan region), were studied. The samples were studied in a standard PCR (marker - 16S rRNA gene fragment) and in real-time PCR (RT-PCR) (marker - groEL gene fragment). Results. Both markers were established to be perspective for detection of C. burnetii DNA in clinical material, and RT-PCR detects positive result including late stages of the disease (illness day 21 - 31). Conclusion. This study is the first Russian publication on comparison on different PCR variants for detection of C. burnetii in blood of Q fever patients in dynamics of the infectious process.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):70-74
pages 70-74 views

PROCUREMENT OF SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL WELFARE IN THE REGION OF CITY-RESORT SOCHI FOR DANGEROUS AND NATURAL-FOCI INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN 2015

Popova A.Y., Kulichenko A.N., Maletskaya O.V., Dubyansky V.M., Ryazanova A.G., Prislegina D.A., Shaposhnikova L.I., Manin E.A., Yunicheva Y.V., Vasilenko L.E., Agaptiov D.S., Saveliev V.N., Degtyarev D.Y., Gerasimenko E.V., Lazarenko E.V., Zhiltsova A.Y., Volynkina A.S., Kotenev E.S., Savelieva I.V., Khachaturova A.A., Kuznetsova I.V., Zhamikova I.V., Evchenko Y.M., Zaitsev A.A., Antonenko A.D., Orobey V.G.

Abstract

Aim. Analysis of results of epidemiologic monitoring of especially dangerous, natural-foci and other infectious diseases, as well as epizootologic activity of natural foci of infection on the territory of city-resort Sochi. Materials and methods. Laboratory studies of 820 samples by PCR, immune- and bacteriologic methods were carried out, among those 344 - clinical material, 12 - water from open bodies and 321 - field material. Molecular-genetic identification of 143 strains of Vibrio cholerae, isolated from open water bodies of city-resort Sochi, was carried out. Results. Circulation of causative agents of Q fever, tularemia and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome of Dobrava-Adler genotypes was established, as well as rickettsia of tick spotted fever group. Predomination of rotaviruses (70.9%) was detected during study of samples of clinical material in etiologic structure of sporadically emerging acute intestine infections. Relatively high temperature values of river water during summer months (from 18 to 30°C), exit of sulfide mineral waters into the riverbed, that create alkaline medium, seasonal reduction of river debit and speed of water current facilitated sustenance of contamination of water of Agura river by V. cholerae. Conclusion. Activity of natural foci of the infectious disease and contamination of Agura river by V. cholerae 01 (atoxigenic) gives evidence on the necessity of constant control of epidemiologic situation by dangerous and natural-foci infectious diseases on the territory of city-resort Sochi, as well as study regional features of their causative agents, including using genetic methods.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):74-80
pages 74-80 views

MULTI-LEVEL EVALUATION OF BIOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS OF HIV-INFECTION AMONG MIGRANT WORKERS

Sofronov A.G., Zueva L.P., Aslanov B.I., Dardynskaya I.V., Weine S..., Dobrovolskaya A.E., Dardynsky O.A., Chaschin V.P., Chaschin M.V.

Abstract

Aim. Multi-level evaluation by case-control method of social, sociocultural and behavioural risk factors of HIV-infection spread among male migrant workers arriving to Russia from near abroad countries. Materials and methods. Interviews of migrants, that had appealed for medical examination for work permit, were carried out for detection of risk factors. Results of interviewing of 191 migrants with HIV-infection (case group) and 190 migrants without HIV-infection (control group) were analyzed. Methods of descriptive statistics and logistical regression were used for the analysis. Results. Factors, related to dangerous sexual behavior, were leading in development of HIV-infection. Furthermore, HIV-infected migrants had inferior work and accommodation conditions, lower salary, lower subjective health evaluation, became object of xenophobia more frequently and had more previous travels into the receiving country. Factors, that reduce risk of infection and spread of HIV-infection, were detected: HIV-infection awareness, adherence to religion and legal requirements of the receiving country. Advantages and disadvantages of surveying during detection of HIV-infection risk factors are discussed. Conclusion. The same risk factors of HIV-infection spread are significant in the population of migrant workers as in the indigenous population. Factors specific for migrants, that facilitate infection spread, were also established. HIV prophylaxis system among migrants should be based on prevention and correction of risk factors detected in the study and enhancement of factors, that cause preventive effect.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):81-87
pages 81-87 views

REVIEWS

ROLE OF BIOFILMS IN SURVIVAL AND PRESERVATION OF VIRULENCE OF CHOLERA VIBRIOS IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN ORGANISM

Titova S.V., Alekseeva L.P., Andrusenko I.T.

Abstract

Materials regarding biofilms of cholera vibrios are presented. Formation of biofilms is shown to be a significant pathogenicity factor and one of the main strategies, increasing survival of cholera vibrios in human organism and the environment.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):88-97
pages 88-97 views

PATHOGENICITY FACTORS OF CORYNEBACTERIUM NON DIPHTHERIAE

Kharseeva G.G., Voronina N.A.

Abstract

Pathogenicity factors of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae - pili, microcapsule, cell wall, pathogenicity enzymes, toxins, that determine the ability of microorganisms to consequentially interact with epithelium of entry gates of the organism, replicate in vivo, overcome cell and humoral mechanisms of protection, are examined in the review. Particular attention in the paper is given to species of non-diphtheria corynebacteria, that are pathogenic for human and able to produce toxins - Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Mechanisms of expression regulation of PLD-exotoxins, its interaction with immune system cells are described.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):97-104
pages 97-104 views

SPECIFICITY OF IMMUNE MODULATING EFFECT OF YERSINIA PESTIS ENDOTOXIN

Tynyanova V.I., Zyuzina V.P., Demidova G.V., Sokolova E.P.

Abstract

Literature and own data on mechanisms of realization of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) toxic potential of Yersinia pestis in the conditions of a macroorganism are analyzed. 2 modifications of LPS are examined - temperature dependent changes of chemical structure of polymers and a change in their conformation under the effect of micro- and macroorganism factors. A special attention is paid to comparative study of toxic and immune modulating properties of the specified LPS forms. Both LPS forms are concluded to activate TLR4/MD2 receptor, inducing synthesis of 2 types of cytokines - pro-inflammatory and interferons. However, dominance of their signal pathways and cross-regulation of the transduced signal are mirrored, and as a result the initial form of LPS initiates interferon synthesis, and conformationally changed - pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results of the experiments are summarized in 2 schemes of signal transfer by TLR4/MD2 receptor under the effect of 2 forms of Y. pestis LPS. Variations of cytokine-inducing properties of the initial and conformationally-altered forms of Y. pestis LPS corresponds to the immune response of the organism at each stage of the infectious process: late inflammatory response by interferon type is characteristic for intra-cellular cycle of plague development, and pro-inflammatory cytokine hyper-production is observed at the terminal stage of infection-toxic shock.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):104-112
pages 104-112 views

POSSIBILITY OF INFLUENZA PANDEMIC PREDICTION

Ghendon Y.Z.

Abstract

Five influenza pandemics emerged in the 20th and 21st centuries. Data regarding possibility of infection of swine with human influenza viruses and persistent circulation of these strains among swine with subsequent infection of humans with these viruses were obtained in the recent years. A possibility of prediction of influenza pandemics by constant observation and study of influenza viruses circulating among swine is discussed in the paper.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):113-120
pages 113-120 views

SPREAD OF ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS MYCOSES IN THE WORLD

Popova A.Y., Toporkov A.V., Lipnitsky A.V., Polovets N.V., Viktorov D.V.

Abstract

Contemporary information on the spread in the world of especially dangerous mycoses - coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis are presented in the review. Sources and infection routes of causative agents of these diseases are examined, clinical forms of mycoses are briefly characterized. An increase of morbidity due to them over the last decade is noted. A necessity of timely diagnostics of imported mycoses outside endemic regions is underscored.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):120-126
pages 120-126 views

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

CONTENTS

Article E.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):127-128
pages 127-128 views

ПАМЯТИ ИРИНЫ СЕРГЕЕВНЫ МЕЩЕРЯКОВОЙ

ПАМЯТИ ИРИНЫ СЕРГЕЕВНЫ МЕЩЕРЯКОВОЙ

Article E.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(3):126
pages 126 views


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