Vol 90, No 1 (2013)

Aim . Study the activity of plant extracts against cholera toxin (CT) of Vibrio cholerae O1. Materials and methods. Antitoxic activity of plant extracts was determined by using enzyme immunoassay and CHO-K1 cell culture. Results. 8 water extracts of plants were studied. Extracts of nut, tutsan, milfoil, basil do not have effect on CT activity in EIA or CHO-K1 cell culture. Celandine and rhubarb extracts do not reduce CT immunochemical activity but prevent elongation of CHO-K1 cells. Oak and hop extracts suppress binding in EIA of cholera toxin and GM1 receptors and in- significantly reduce its activity in cell culture. Conclusion. Antitoxic activity of plant extracts against CT is perspective for the development of preparations possessing inhibition effect.

Aim. Study protective activity of S. pneumoniae protein-containing antigen complex obtained from T3No.3 strain against infection by homologous pneumococcus strain. Materials and methods. S. pneumoniae T3No.3 (serotype 3) strain obtained from collection of pneumococcus strains of Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera was used in the study. S. pneumoniae protein-containing antigen complex was isolated by precipitation by 2 volumes of acetone of supernatant fraction of cultural medium used for pneumococcus cultivation. Molecular mass of proteins contained in S. pneumoniae antigen complex was determined by SDS electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Protective activity of S. pneumoniae protein-containing antigen complex was studied in BALB/c line mice active protection experiments. Activity of mice immune sera obtained against whole-cell pneumococcus culture (T3No.3 strain) was determined in vitro by solid phase indirect EIA. Results. The data obtained give evidence that the isolated protein-containing antigen complex from S. pneumoniae T3No.3 strain effectively protects mice from consequent infection by a homologous S. pneumoniae strain. S. pneumoniae protein-containing antigen complex sorbed on solid phase at 5 μg dose was established by using EIA to interact with homologous mice immune sera. Conclusion. The results of the carried out studies allow to move to studies of cross-activity of S. pneumoniae protein-containing antigen complex isolated from T3No.3 strain.

Aim. Study of etiological structure of ARVI and evaluation of acute respiratory virus infection morbidity in 2010 — 2011 epidemic season taking into account the data of laboratory diagnostics by method of polymerase chain reaction with hybridization-fluorescent detection. Materials and methods. By using reagent kits produced by Central Research Institute of Epidemiology for the detection of primary causative agents of influenza and ARVI 129 children and 94 adult patients monitored in an outpatient setting as well as 103 children hospitalized due to ARI were examined. Results. Etiological structure of ARVI was studied; proportion of influenza and other actual causative agents of ARVI in monthly dynamics were established. During epidemic rise of influenza (January—March 2011) the proportion of influenza A viruses was 24% (peak in January — 31%), the proportion of influenza B viruses — 5%, rhinoviruses — 9%, metapneumovirus was detected in 6% of cases, parainfluenza viruses (1 — 4 type) and adenovirses — 4% each, coronaviruses — in 3%, respiratory syncytial virus — in 2%, bocavirus — in 1% of the studied samples. In influenza structure А/H1N1pdm2009 virus, its proportion was 70%, influenza virus B (26.9%), influenza virus A/H3N2 (2.6%) predominated. Indexes for monthly morbidity caused by each of the ARVI causative agents were calculated. Conclusion. The proposed approach allowed to evaluate ARVI morbidity taking into account laboratory-confirmed etiological factors. A 5 time increase in ARI morbidity in adults in February 2011 was shown to be mostly due to an increase in influenza A morbidity as well as involvement of influenza B virus, metapneumoviruses, coronaviruses, parainfluenza viruses and rhinoviruses into the epidemic process. Increase of morbidity of children by 1.4 times was also seen during activization of influenza viruses and metapneumovirus. The analysis of monitoring results allowed to prognose increase of respiratory-syncytial viral infection epidemic activity from September 2011 to February 2012.

An approach to increase effectiveness of epidemiological control of Crimean hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever and Astrakhan spotted fever by building a prognostic model of epidemic activity based on contemporary information technologies of spatial and intellectual data analysis was developed and tested. Personified data on 4505 laboratory confirmed cases of natural-focal infectious diseases registered in the Russian Federation and database on 1999—2011 climatic observations were processed. A model implementing prognosis of epidemiological situation intensity level as a function of a combination of factors, maps of density of epidemic manifestations were built. On a practical example high effectiveness of the approach to epidemiological analysis based on the use of contemporary analytical technologies for evaluation of temporal and spatial categories of epidemiological risk was demonstrated.

As a result of 4 year monitoring the landscape of enteroviruses circulating in European territory of Russia was established to be presented by at least 50 serologic types. Phylogenetic analysis of ECHO30, ECHO9, Coxsackie A9, ECHO6 virus strains that had caused a seasonal increase of aseptic meningitis morbidity in 2008—2011 was carried out.

Symbiotic interactions of microorganisms during infection are reviewed. Infectious process is presented as a model system of associative symbiosis with 3 functional vectors of symbiont interactions. The principal attention is paid to microsymbiocenosis and estimation of its role during infection. Materials on population- communicative dialogue of microsymbionts are given, and their applied importance for medical-biological science is shown. Algorithm of microbial «self-non self» recognition under the control of opposite (increase/ suppression) effect of dominant-associant microbe pair on principal physiological (growth and persistence) functions of microsymbionts is presented.

Situation on parasitic disease in Russia remains complex. Reduction of parasitology personnel had a negative impact on the quality of epidemiological control in the field of parasitic diseases and resulted in a decrease of awareness of physicians of therapeutic-prophylaxis institutions. The situation was aggravated by a lack of anti-malaria preparations and insufficient specter of anti-helminthic drugs. Uncontrolled increase of the number of domestic and stray dogs in cities was the reason for increase of morbidity by helminthoses and zoonoses — toxocarosis and dirofilariasis. Emergence in the south of Krasnodar Region of effective carriers Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus became a serious threat to biological safety of the country. These mosquitos are effective carriers of causative agents of mosquito viral fevers: yellow, Dengue, Chikungunya et al.

Epidemiological justifications of disinfectologic prophylaxis of viral infections are given. Basic are data on survival of viruses on environmental objects, their resistance (sensitivity) to effect of chemical disinfection means and physical agents, mechanisms, routes and factors of infection transmission. Classification of vi- ruses by resistance to chemical disinfection means as well as classification of disinfection means by viru- cidal activity is given. Methodical approaches to justification of selection of means and regiments of their application with the aim of prophylaxis of rotavirus, norovirus infection and atypical pneumonia are de- scribed.