Vol 93, No 1 (2016)

ORIGINAL RESEARCHES

TYPING OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE NON O1/NON O139 STRAINS, ISOLATED IN ROSTOV REGION IN 2014

Selyanskaya N.A., Arkhangelskaya I.V., Vodopianov A.S., Vodopianov S.O., Kruglikov V.D., Vodyanitskaya S.Y., Verkina L.M., Nepomnyaschaya N.B.

Abstract

Aim. Comparative study of antibiotics resistance and VNTR-typing of Vibrio cholerae non O1/ non O139 strains, isolated on the territory of Rostov region in 2014. Materials and methods. Antibioticogramms of strains were determined by serial dilution method in dense nutrient medium according to MG 4.2.2495-09 (2009). Pheno-, sero- and VNTR-typing was carried out by conventional methods. Results. The studied strains belonged to V. cholerae species, did not agglutinate with O1 and O139 sera, were atoxigenic, hemolysis-positive, did not contain genes of cholera toxin and toxin-coregulating pili ofadhesion, contained genes ofhemagglutinin/protease, protease PrtV, collagenase, cytotonic factor Cef, outer membrane protein OmpW, tol- and vps-clusters, regulatory genes toxR and hapR. Antibioticogramms of the strains have shown the presence of cultures, resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime, furazolidone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with intermediate resistance to streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamycin, amikacin, netilmicin. Approximately 20% of isolates had multiple drug resistance. Data of VNTR- and geno-typing confirmed a possibility of water transmission route of the infection. Conclusion. Execution of monitoring of cultures from environmental samples is necessary for timely detection of genetic characteristics, antibiotics resistance.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):3-9
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EPIDEMIOLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS OF VIRAL HEPATITIS C IN REPRESENTATIVES OF CAUCASIAN AND MONGOLOID RACES

Savilov E.D., Malov S.I., Malov I.V., Gantulga D..., Miroshnichenko I.A., Erdenebayar N..., Orlova L.S., Nyamadawa P..., Dulguun B...

Abstract

Aim. Present comparative epidemiologic characteristics of viral hepatitis C in Mongolia and Irkutsk Region taking into account racial origin of the studied populations. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2009 - 2014 on the territory of Irkutsk Region and Mongolia. Prevalence of viral hepatitis C based on serological monitoring, virus RNA detection, risk factors, change in structure of circulating genotypes, hepatocellular carcinoma morbidity were studied. Results. Epidemiologic manifestations of viral hepatitis C in Mongolia, in contrast to Irkutsk Region, are characterized by a wider prevalence of the disease, predominance of the fraction of seropositive individuals in age category of above 50 years and predominance of genotype 1 virus in circulation. In recent years an evolution of diversity of circulating virus genotypes took place towards a reduction of the fraction of genotype 1 in Mongolia and Russia due to an increase of the fraction of genotype 3. Expressed differences in average-annual values of hepatocellular carcinoma morbidity were detected, that were more than 10 times higher among Mongoloids compared with Caucasians. Conclusion. Pronounced differences were detected in manifestations of epidemic process of viral hepatitis C in Mongolia and Asian part of Russia, represented by Eastern Siberia, that are associated with ethnic, social and cultural living conditions of the indigenous population.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):9-17
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SOME FEATURES OF MANIFESTATIONS OF EPIDEMIC PROCESS DURING ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS IN MOSCOW

Filatov N.N., Linok A.V., Faizuloev E.B.

Abstract

Aim. Study manifestations of epidemic process during acute intestinal infections to establish reasons of low effectiveness of the prophylactic measures carried out and evaluation of the role of rotavirus infection in general disease structure ofintestinal infections ofunknown etiology. Materials and methods. Data on morbidity of acute intestinal infections of population of Moscow were analyzed. Hospitalized patients with acute intestinal infections were examined using real-time PCR method test-systems of laboratory of molecular virology of Mechnikov RIVS with subsequent typing. Results. Evaluation of multi-year manifestations of epidemic process of morbidity of acute intestinal infections in Moscow has shown, that the cumulative morbidity does not have a tendency of reduction, because the proportion of infections with undeciphered etiological factors is almost 80% of the total aggregate morbidity. The proportion of rotavirus infection in total morbidity of AII of established etiology increased from 53.2 in 2004 to 82.6% in 2014. Morbidity in children with rotavirus infection is 6 times higher than morbidity in adults. Conclusion. The results obtained give evidence on the necessity of carrying out specific prophylaxis against viral intestine infection, mostly of rotavirus and norovirus infections. The highest effect should have been expected from use of a bi-vaccine, development of which seems quite an actual problem.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):17-21
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ROLE OF VARIOUS ANTIGENIC PREPARATIONS OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS IN FORMATION OF ALLERGY REACTION IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS

Onoprienko N.N., Aronova N.V., Pavlovich N.V.

Abstract

Aim. Study the role of LPS in induction of anti-tularemia immunity in humans and animals. Materials and methods. Activity of various antigenic preparations of tularemia microbe, including highly purified from protein and S- and R-LPS, was studied using leukocytolysis reaction with blood of vaccinated humans and guinea pigs and skin allergy test (guinea pigs). Results. Only the whole cells of Francisella tularensis, killed in protein non-denaturating conditions and conserving full S-LPS structure (tularin+) were shown to be inductors of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Alterations in LPS structure (tularin) results in a significant decrease, and denaturation of bacterial proteins (during boiling) results in a complete loss of immune stimulating properties of the preparations. Purified LPS preparations and O-polysaccharide fraction of S-LPS are not able to activate cell-mediated immunity. Conclusion. The presence of LPS with the full structure affects the ability of antigenic preparations of F.tularensis to cause allergic reactions, and thus, form cell-mediated anti-tularemia immunity. LPS of F.tularensis can not be excluded as an adjuvant and provides the most effective presentation of epitopes of protein molecules for interaction with receptors of T-lymphocytes.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):22-29
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FEATURES OF MASS-SPECTROMETRIC PROTEIN PROFILES OF STRAINS OF BRUCELLOSIS CAUSATIVE AGENT DURING PREPARATION OF CULTURE ON VARIOUS NUTRIENT MEDIA

Ulshina D.V., Kovalev D.A., Zhirov A.M., Zharinova N.V., Khudoleev A.A., Kogotkova O.I., Efremenko V.I., Evchenko N.I., Kulichenko A.N.

Abstract

Aim. Carry out comparative analysis using time-of-flight mass-spectrometry with matrix laser desorption/ionization (MALDI-TOF MS) of protein profiles of brucellosis causative agents (Brucella melitensis Rev-1 and Brucella abortus 19BA), cultivated in various nutrient media: Albimi agar, brucellagar and erythrit-agar. Materials and methods. Vaccine strains: Brucella melitensis Rev-1 and Brucella abortus 19BA. Protein profiling in linear mode on Microflex «Bruker Daltonics» MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometer. Results. A number of characteristic features of brucella mass-spectra was detected: in particular, preservation of the total qualitative composition of protein profiles of cultures and significant differences in the intensity of separate peaks depending on the nutrient medium used. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, use of Albimi agar as the nutrient medium for preparation of brucella culture samples for mass-spectrometric analysis was shown to be optimal.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):29-34
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TYPING OF LEPTOSPIRA SPP. STRAINS BASED ON 16S rRNA

Ostankova Y.V., Semenov A.V., Stoyanova N.A., Tokarevich N.K., Lyubimova N.E., Petrova O.A., Ananina Y.V., Petrov E.M.

Abstract

Aim. Comparative typing of Leptospira spp. strain collection based on analysis of 16S RNA fragment. Materials and methods. 2 pairs of primers were used for PCR, that jointly flank 1423 b.p. sized fragment. Sequences of Leptospira spp. strain 16S rRNA, presented in the international database, were used for phylogenetic analysis. Results. A high similarity, including interspecies, of the 16S fragment in Leptospira spp. strains was shown independently of the source, serovar and serogroup. Heterogeneity ofthe primary matrix, spontaneous mutations of hotspots and erroneous nucleotide couplings, characteristic for 16S sequence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. strains, are discussed. Molecular-genetic characteristic of certain reference Leptospira spp. strains by 16S sequence is obtained. Conclusion. Results of the studies give evidence on expedience of introduction into clinical practice of identification of Leptospira spp. by 16S sequence directly from the clinical material, that would allow to significantly reduce identification time, dismiss complex type-specific sera and other labor-intensive methods.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):35-39
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SPECTRUM OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND PREVALENCE OF OXA-CARBAPENEMASES AMONG ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII STRAINS, ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS OF SURGICAL AND REANIMATION DEPARTMENTS IN MOSCOW

Kryzhanovskaya O.A., Lazareva A.V., Chebotar I.V., Bocharova Y.A., Mayansky N.A.

Abstract

Aim. Characterize spectrum of antibiotics resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii strains, isolated from patients of 8 surgical and reanimation departments of 3 medical institution of Moscow, and determine molecular-genetic mechanisms of stability of their carbapenem-resistant forms. Materials and methods. 95 strains of A. baumannii, isolated from patients of reanimation and surgical departments of Moscow in 2012 - 2014, were studied. Sensitivity of strains to antibiotics was tested phenotypically according to recommendations of EUCAST. The presence ofVIM, IMP, OXA-23, OXA-40, OXA-48, OXA-58 and NDM genes in the studied strains was determined by polymerase chain reaction in real time. Results. 86.3% of strains turned out to be non-sensitive to carbapenems, sensitive - 13.7%. 80.0% of strains were non-sensitive to gentamicin, 80.0% of strains - to netilmicin, 94.7% of strains - to ciprofloxacin, 2.1% - to colistin. 91.6% of isolates have shown non-sensitivity to members of 2 and more classes of antibiotics, 78.9% of strains - to members of 3 classes. 2 strains were panresistant, 4.2% (4/95) of the isolates were sensitive to all the classes of antibiotics. Metallo-P-lactamases were not detected. Genes of carbapenemases (OXA-23 and/or OXA-40) were detected in 85.3% (81/95) of strains, characterized phenotypically as non-sensitive to carbapenems. Conclusion. The results obtained shown an increase of resistance to carbapenems and multiple resistance in clinically significant strains of A. baumannii. Resistance to carbapenems is associated with OXA-23 and OXA-40 genes. The conclusions allow to justify perspectives of introduction of technologies of molecular-genetic testing of antibiotics resistance.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):40-45
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SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF A NATIONAL COMBINED VACCINE AGAINST PERTUSSIS, DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS, HEPATITIS B AND Hib-INFECTION, CONTAINING ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS COMPONENT, DURING IMMUNIZATION OF ADULTS

Feldblyum I.V., Nikolaeva A.M., Pavroz K.A., Danilina T.V., Sosnina O.Y., Vyaznikova T.V., Ershov A.E., Trofimov D.M., Polushkina A.V.

Abstract

Aim. Study safety, reactogenicity and immunologic effectiveness of a national combined vaccine against diphtheria, pertussis (acellular component), tetanus, hepatitis B and Hib-infection during immunization of volunteers aged 18 - 60 years. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in accordance with ethical standards and requirements, regulated by Helsinki declaration and Good clinical practice (ICHGCP). In a simple non-randomized clinical trial 20 adult volunteers took part, the mean age of those was 46.9 years. Results. Registered post-vaccination reactions (both local and systemic) were mild and of moderate degree of severity, stopped independently after 2 - 3 days without administration of drug treatment. Postvaccinal complications were not noted. Parameters of general and biochemical analysis of blood, urine, IgE content in dynamics of immunization were within normal limits. A single administration of aAPDT-HepB+Hib to individuals aged 18 - 60 years resulted in development of antibodies against all the components of the preparation. Seroconversion factor fluctuated from 6.9 to 53.5. Conclusion. The results obtained allow to recommend the vaccine for evaluation of its safety, reactogenicity, immunologic and prophylaxis effectiveness in randomized clinical observation trials in children.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):46-51
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MASS-SPECTROMETRY IN MICROBIOLOGICAL PRACTICE OF SCIENTIFIC CENTRE OF OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY AND PERINATOLOGY

Priputnevich T.V., Melkumyan A.R., Lyubasovskaya L.A., Muravieva V.V., Ilina E.N., Sukhikh G.T.

Abstract

Aim. Comparative evaluation of species identification of microorganisms by MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry and automatic biochemical analyzer VITEK2 Compact30. Materials and methods. Species identification of18 400 isolates of microorganisms (staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, enterobacteria, nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria, lactobacilli, anaerobes, yeast fungi, neisseriae), isolated from vagina of pregnant and non-pregnant women and from newborns, was carried out. Identification of the isolated microorganisms was carried out by automatic bac-teriologic analyzer VITEK2 Compact30 (BioMerieux, France) and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis method on AutoflexIII (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) mass-spectrometer. Results. Comparative identification of 2005 isolates of microorganisms was carried out. Sequencing of ribosomal RNA was used as a reference method. Authenticity of species identification my MALDI-TOF-MS analysis method was: for staphylococci (95.8%), enterococci (97.5%), enterobacteria (98.4%), nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria (93.6%), P-hemolytic staphylococci (93.8%), lactobacilli (92.8%), yeast fungi (99.9%). Conclusion. Introduction of MALDI-TOF-MS analysis technology into practical work of microbiological laboratories exceeds previously used methods of microbiological testing in terms of speed, cost and authenticity of identification of a wide spectrum of microorganisms.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):52-58
pages 52-58 views

REVIEWS

PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION: PRINCIPLE CHARACTERISTICS, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, VACCINE PROPHYLAXIS

Lopukhov P.D., Briko N.I., Khaldin A.A., Tsapkova N.N., Lupashko O.V.

Abstract

Papillomaviruses are a large and diverse group of viruses. It includes approximately 200 fully described types that have been detected in humans. Human papilloma viruses (HPV) are etiologic agents during various benign and malignant lesions of mucous membrane and skin epithelium. Very importantly, persistent HPV infection of certain types is a leading cause of carcinoma of uterine cervix, penis, vulva, vagina, anal canal and fauces (including tongue base and tonsils). HPV infection prophylaxis is the best means to control HPV-conditioned diseases, and vaccination, as had been demonstrated, - the most effective method of its prophylaxis. In this paper principle characteristics and clinical manifestations of papillomavirus infection, as well as effectiveness of vaccination against HPV are examined.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):71-78
pages 71-78 views

PERSPECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT OF LIVE RECOMBINANT ANTHRAX VACCINES BASED ON OPPORTUNISTIC AND APATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS

Popova P.Y., Mikshis N.I.

Abstract

Live genetic engineering anthrax vaccines on the platform of avirulent and probiotic micro-ogranisms are a safe and adequate alternative to preparations based on attenuated Bacillus anthracis strains. Mucosal application results in a direct contact of the vaccine preparations with mucous membranes in those organs and tissues of the macro-organisms, that are exposed to the pathogen in the first place, resulting in a development of local and systemic immune response. Live recombinant anthrax vaccines could be used both separately as well as in a prime-boost immunization scheme. The review focuses on immunogenic and protective properties of experimental live genetic engineering preparations, created based on members ofgeni of Salmonella, Lactobacillus and adenoviruses.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):79-89
pages 79-89 views

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONTROL, LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS AND PROPHYLAXIS OF CHOLERA IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Onischenko G.G., Popova A.Y., Kutyrev V.V., Smirnova N.I., Scherbakova S.A., Moskvitina E.A., Titova S.V.

Abstract

Main problems of system of epidemiologic control for cholera active in Russian Federation, as well as laboratory diagnostics and vaccine prophylaxis of this especially dangerous infection, that had emerged in the contemporary period of the ongoing 7th pandemic ofcholera, are discussed. Features of the genome of natural strains of Vibrio cholerae of El Tor biovar, that possess a potential epidemic threat, as well as problems, that have emerged during isolation of these strains from samples of water of surface water bodies during their monitoring, are also examined. The main direction of enhancement of the system of epidemiologic control for cholera consist in development of a new algorithm of differentiation of administrative territories of Russian Federation by types of epidemic manifestations, as well as optimization of monitoring of environment objects. Integration of modern highly informative technologies into practice, as well as development of new generation diagnostic preparations based on DNA-chips and immunechips is necessary to increase effectiveness of the conducted operative and retrospective diagnostics in the contemporary period. Creation of national cholera vaccine, ensuring simultaneous protection from cholera causative agents of both O1 and O139 serogroups, is also required.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):89-101
pages 89-101 views

VIRAL HEPATITIS C: EVOLUTION OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC PROCESS, EVOLUTION OF THE VIRUS

Zhebrun A.B., Kalinina O.V.

Abstract

Periodization of the evolution of epidemic process of hepatitis C is given based on the results of phylodynamic, phylogeographic, historic and demographic studies: invasion of the virus into European and North American population in 1700 - 1850; primary activation of the epidemic process in the years of the World War 1; expansive growth of prevalence in 40 - 60s of the 20th century due to mass parenteral interventions; new rise due to heroine drug abuse in 60 - 80s of the 20th century; manifold reduction of incidence of acute hepatitis C in industrial countries for the last 10 - 15 years as a result of general medical measures of prevention of hemocontact infections. A problem of possibility of hepatitis C management and necessity of evaluation of effectiveness of existing prophylaxis measures involving quantitative analytical methods of epidemiology is discussed. Data from phylogenetic studies on stages of hepatitis C virus evolution (HCV) are provided: division of its root genetic lineage with homologous hepaciviruses of animals 985 - 2013 years ago; division ofHCV into genotypes 500 - 2000 years ago; division ofgenotypes into subtypes 70 - 300 years ago. Contribution of mutations and genetic recombinations into HCV evolution is discussed. Genotyping is stated as an inefficient approach for determination of pathogenicity determinants, immune evasion, non-responsiveness to therapy, as well as search for predictors of infection outcome. A necessity of genomic approach for these aims is justified, as well as for risk monitoring, ensuing from continuing evolution and biodiversity of HCV and other hepaciviruses.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):102-112
pages 102-112 views

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS

EVALUATION AND PROGNOSIS OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC SITUATION FOR LYME BORRELIOSIS IN VLADIMIR REGION

Trifonova T.A., Martsev A.A.

Abstract

Aim. Evaluation and prognosis of epidemiologic process for Lyme borreliosis (Lb) in Vladimir region. Materials and methods. Report form No. 2 «Data on infectious and parasitic diseases». Territorial differentiation of morbidity was carried out in ArcView 3.1 program. The following climate parameters were used: average monthly air temperature, number of days of the month with precipitation, air humidity, atmospheric pressure, size of snow cover and content of oxygen in air in every month for the period of2004 - 2012. Statistical treatment, correlation-regression analysis was carried out in Statistica program. Results. 1211 cases of Lb morbidity were registered for the period of 2005 - 2012 in Vladimir region, that had increased by 46%. A territorial differentiation of the disease is noted. Average monthly temperature of July and September of the preceding year were established to be the most significant parameters, that affect the epidemiologic process. A mathematical model, that can be used for prognosis of epidemiologic situation for Lb, was constructed. Conclusion. The mathematical model shows, that increased values of morbidity can be expected, if July of the preceding year was fairly warm, and September, on the contrary, differed by reduced values of air temperature.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):58-62
pages 58-62 views

STUDY OF COMPOSITION OF PLANT EXTRACTS, POSSESSING ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT AGAINST VIBRIO CHOLERAE EL TOR, USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Markina O.V., Maksimenko E.V., Markin N.V., Selyanskaya N.A., Shelokhovich A.I., Mazrukho A.B., Borisenko N.I.

Abstract

Aim. Study the composition of plant extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaluation of their antimicrobial effect against Vibrio cholerae El Tor. Materials and methods. Qualitative and quantitative composition of plant extracts was studied using HPLC. Determination of sensitivity of microorganisms to plant extracts was carried out by diffusion into agar method and serial dilutions method. Results. Antibacterial effect of water, water-alcohol and acetone extracts of roots of Limonium gmelinii L., Berberis vulgaris L. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. was studied. The most effective methods of extraction of biologically active substances, possessing antimicrobial effect against various strains of V.cholerae El Tor, were determined. Conclusion. The use of HPLC allowed to establish the presence of catechines, alkaloids protoberberines and glycyrrhizic acid in extracts, possessing antimicrobial effect against V.cholerae El Tor strains.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):63-66
pages 63-66 views

ASSOCIATION OF POLYMORPHIC MARKERS IN GENES OF INNATE IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Sarkisyan N.G., Gankovskaya L.V., Tuzankina I.A., Svitich O.A., Ron G.I., Shershnev V.N., Kolyadina O.N., Dolgikh M.A.

Abstract

Aim. Search of association of polymorphisms in DEFВ1, IL-10, TNF-a and TLR2 genes with development of chronic generalized periodontitis in representatives of Ural region (Caucasian race). Materials and methods. 142 patients, that were split into 3 groups, took part in the study: a group of patients with periodontitis, a group with frequent inflammatory disease of upper respiratory tract and a comparison group - healthy donors. A study of polymorphic markers was carried out: DEFB1 (-44G/C), DEFB1 (-20A/G), IL-10 (-1082 A/G), TNF-a (-308 G/A), Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp using PCR in real time mode. Results. Association of infectious pathology of upper respiratory tract and development of periodontitis diseases with markers in DEFB1 (-44G/C) and Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp genes was determined. Significant differences in distribution of genotypes and alleles of genes IL-10 and TNF-a in the group of patients with periodontitis and comparison group were not detected. Conclusion. DEFB1 (-44G/C) polymorphism can be examined as a marker of periodontitis development risk.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):67-71
pages 67-71 views

BOOK REVIEW

pages 113-114 views

CHRONICLE

pages 115-117 views

УКАЗАТЕЛЬ СТАТЕЙ ЗА 2015 ГОД

УКАЗАТЕЛЬ СТАТЕЙ ЗА 2015 ГОД

Article E.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):120-126
pages 120-126 views

OBITUARIES

НЕКРОЛОГИ

Article E.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):118-119
pages 118-119 views

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

CONTENTS

Article E.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2016;93(1):127-128
pages 127-128 views


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