VIRAL HEPATITIS C: EVOLUTION OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC PROCESS, EVOLUTION OF THE VIRUS

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Abstract

Periodization of the evolution of epidemic process of hepatitis C is given based on the results of phylodynamic, phylogeographic, historic and demographic studies: invasion of the virus into European and North American population in 1700 - 1850; primary activation of the epidemic process in the years of the World War 1; expansive growth of prevalence in 40 - 60s of the 20th century due to mass parenteral interventions; new rise due to heroine drug abuse in 60 - 80s of the 20th century; manifold reduction of incidence of acute hepatitis C in industrial countries for the last 10 - 15 years as a result of general medical measures of prevention of hemocontact infections. A problem of possibility of hepatitis C management and necessity of evaluation of effectiveness of existing prophylaxis measures involving quantitative analytical methods of epidemiology is discussed. Data from phylogenetic studies on stages of hepatitis C virus evolution (HCV) are provided: division of its root genetic lineage with homologous hepaciviruses of animals 985 - 2013 years ago; division ofHCV into genotypes 500 - 2000 years ago; division ofgenotypes into subtypes 70 - 300 years ago. Contribution of mutations and genetic recombinations into HCV evolution is discussed. Genotyping is stated as an inefficient approach for determination of pathogenicity determinants, immune evasion, non-responsiveness to therapy, as well as search for predictors of infection outcome. A necessity of genomic approach for these aims is justified, as well as for risk monitoring, ensuing from continuing evolution and biodiversity of HCV and other hepaciviruses.

About the authors

A. B. Zhebrun

Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Author for correspondence.
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
Russian Federation

O. V. Kalinina

Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2016 Zhebrun A.B., Kalinina O.V.

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