Vol 94, No 5 (2017)

Topical issues of ensuring biological safety of mass actions are considered in the article. According to the purpose and content are allocated two interdependent and supplementing each other within the system of supervision and monitoring of biological safety - the measures for prophylaxis of emergency situations and the measures for ensuring readiness for emergency situations. Actions of separate functional elements of system of rather accompanying epidemiological risks focused on their decrease and monitoring are analyzed. The attributive base is developed for the principles of ensuring biological safety (rationality, competence, efficiency, flexibility, controllability, preventiveness, coherence) which are considered as determinants of solvable tasks during the periods of preparation and holding mass actions.

Aim. Development of an accelerated method of gene diagnostics of diphtheria based on isothermal amplification for detection of DNA of the causative agent. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in typical collection strains from GKPM-Obolensk, as well as in 135 strains of C. diphtheriae isolated from bacteriological laboratories of the regions of Russian Federation and sent to the Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Strain isolation was carried out in accordance with Ml 4.2.698-98 and 4.2.3065-13. Chromosomal DNA was isolated by standard heating method, as well as using 3 commercial kits. Detection of the amplification results was carried out in horizontal electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel. Results. The developed method of gene diagnostics was established to allow detection of DNA of toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains of 2 biovars, as well as DNA of non-toxigenic tox-gene bearing strains (NTTB) of C. diphtheriae mitis biovar with mechanisms of lack of expression of diphtheria toxin gene due to the presence of deletion or mobile genetic IS element in the tox gene. Non-toxigenic tox-gene bearing C. diphtheriae strain with the mechanism of lack of diphtheria toxin gene expression due to the presence of transposon in the tox gene are identified as non-toxigenic. Evaluation of the analytical sensitivity in comparative studies using 3 commercial kits for FNA isolation has shown that sensitivity reached 4.5x 10¹ GE/ml using Ribo-prep kit. H igh specificity of the developed method is shown, it was evaluated in 18 strains of 16 other members of the Corynebacterium genus and 20 typical strains of microorganisms isolated from oropharynx or causing infections of the respiratory tract. Approbation of the developed method was carried out in model experiments in imitators of clinical samples by infection of single-use sterile dry tampons by consecutive dilutions of the bacterial cultures (with parallel seeding into dense nutrient media) and was 10³ GE/ml. Conclusion. The developed method of accelerated gene diagnostics of the diphtheria infection has a high diagnostic effectiveness, specificity and sensitivity, allows to detect 10³ - 4.5x10 GE/ml C. diphtheriae in clinical material with simultaneous verification of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains.

Aim. Zoning of the territory of Nizhny Novgorod region by risk of HFRS infection using Maxent method. Materials and methods. Data from Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Nizhny Novgorod region for each case of the HFRS for 2010 - 2016, data on environment (Bioclim), data on vegetation activity (MODIS) were used. ArcGIS 10.2.2 and Maxent 3.3.3k packages were used. Results. Model for evaluation of potential risk of HFRS in Nizhny Novgorod was developed and validated. Conclusion. The data obtained do not contradict the observed spatial localization of the cases of HFRS infection (prediction accuracy over 75%), detected connection between spatial localization of HFRS cases and combination of environment factors and allow to predict changes in borders of potentially dangerous segments after environmental changes.

Aim. Evaluate the composition of microorganisms of skin microbiocenosis of axilla in brom-hidrosis patients. Materials and methods. 23 patients were examined (11 - 17 years) under the observation at Pirogov CCDC of the National Medical-Surgery Centre. Identification was carried out using biochemical test-systems BioMerieux VITEK MS MALDI-TOF («bioMerieux», France) and 16SrRNA genesequencing with consequent juxtaposition with EMBL/NCBI. Medium and high degree of skin seeding with microbiota was present in most of the patients with bromhidrosis (52.2 and 43.5%). 137 strains belonging to 5 genera of microorganisms were identified - Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Moraxella, Micrococcus, Candida and Bacillus spp. Coiynehacte-rium genus strains (8 species) and Staphylococcus genus (5 species) prevailed in microbiocenosis (89.1%). C. tuberculostearicum strains dominated among Corynebacterium, and S. hominis - Staphylococcus. Conclusion. In most of the cases (82.6%) in patients microbiocenosis of skin of axilla was presented by consortiums of microorganisms with prevalence of Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus microorganisms.

Aim. Comparison of effectiveness of solid phase methods of immune detection of botulinic toxin in blood sera of a patient with botulism diagnosis: dot-immune assay using specific anti-botulinic antibodies (AT) labeled with nanoparticles of colloid silver, phosphorescent analysis (PHOSPHAN) using streptavidin label with platinum coproporphyrin (PtCP) and polystyrene nanoparticles, containing chelate complex of europium ions with naphthoyl trifluoroacetone (NA-Eu). Materials and methods. Silver nanoparticle labeled IgG isolated from a commercial diagnostic polyvalent sera against type А, В, С, E, F botulotoxins manufactured by SPA Allergen (Stavropol) with 5000 - 10000 IU activity and biotin conjugated commercial monoclonal antibodies against botulotoxin A, polyclonal mono-specific AB against botulotixin В and E and polyvalent immunoglobulin against botulotoxin А, В, С, E, F. Detection ofbotulotoxin in clinical material was carried out in dot-immunoassay on nitrocellulose membrane by PHOSPHAN method in an experimental test system using 2 detector systems based on streptavidin: PtCP and NA-Eu. Results. Botulotoxin was detected in blood sera of the botulism patient using both of the developed immune detection methods. PHOSPHAN method allowed to identify serotype В botulotoxin, that corresponded with the results obtained in botulotoxin biological neutralization reaction. Sensitivity of PHOSPHAN with NA-Eu luminescent nanoparticle based detection system was higher than with PtCP label. Conclusion. The developed methods (PHOSPHAN and dot-immunoassay) differ by high specificity and sensitivity and may be recommended for express detection of botulinic toxin in clinical material.

Novel data on mechanisms of innate immunity during infections with pathogenic Yersiniae are summarized in the review, that was mostly determined by complex developments regarding a unique pair of genetically related causative agents Y. pseudotuberculosis/Y. pestis. Our previous studies have revealed a morphological substrate of relative granulocyte immune deficiency that determines characteristic pathomorphologic features of pseudotuberculosis. To date, evidence has been obtained, that pathogenic for human Yersinia predominately activate protective function of innate immunity cells that is an important strategy to avoid elimination and cause the disease for the bacteria. Neutrophils (PMNs) play a fundamental role in response to infection by pathogenic Yersiniae in primary immune response and limit of primary spread of bacteria that use several mechanisms of eradication ofbacteria, e.g.: phagocytosis, oxidative stress, secretory degranulation, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, efferocytosis. Infected PMNs can act as an intermediate host for consequent non-inflammatory infection of macrophages. Further elaboration of questions relating to primary anti-infection protection during Yersinia infections gives a key to understanding of immune pathogenesis of epidemic pseudotuberculosis (far Eastern scarlet-like fever) and yersiniosis in general.

Presents a modern understanding of the role of periodontophatogenic bacteria types: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Tannerella forsythia (Bacteroides forsythus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis as indicators of periodontitis emergence and development risk. Therminological definitions are given of factors, indicators and markers of risk of periodontium inflammatory diseases development that show the level of importance of their association with the disease as well as the quantitative evaluation of these associations.