Vol 94, No 5 (2017)

ORIGINAL RESEARCHES

COGNITIVE AXIS OF AGING: INFLAMMATION - MICROBIOTA OF SMALL INTESTINE

Filippova Y.Y., Burnistrova A.L.

Abstract

Aim. Detect connection between cognitive dysfunction in senior people with systemic infection profile and small intestine microbiota structure. Materials and methods. 42 senior individuals were included into the study All the examined have been divided into 2 groups based on the results of psychic status: 20 individuals with moderate cognitive disorders - «active longevity» group and 22 individuals with pronounced cognitive deficiency - «mercy» group. Systemic inflammation status and structure and quantitative composition of microbiota of small intestine was determined in all the senior individuals using gas chromatography mass-spectrometry of microbial markers. Results. Interconnection between systemic level of cytokines and microbiota structure of small intestine in senior people with various cognitive status was determined. Significant correlations between levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in blood plasma and quantity of Propionibacterium jensenii, Moraxella spp., Bacillus cereus and Fusobacterium spp. in small intestine and the degree of cognitive failure were detected for the first time. Conclusion. The parameters obtained could be used as predictive biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction in senior people.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):3-9
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BIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF MASS ACTIONS: TOPICAL ISSUES AND PRINCIPLES

Efremenko D.V., Maletskaya O.V., Orobey V.G., Efremenko V.I.

Abstract

Topical issues of ensuring biological safety of mass actions are considered in the article. According to the purpose and content are allocated two interdependent and supplementing each other within the system of supervision and monitoring of biological safety - the measures for prophylaxis of emergency situations and the measures for ensuring readiness for emergency situations. Actions of separate functional elements of system of rather accompanying epidemiological risks focused on their decrease and monitoring are analyzed. The attributive base is developed for the principles of ensuring biological safety (rationality, competence, efficiency, flexibility, controllability, preventiveness, coherence) which are considered as determinants of solvable tasks during the periods of preparation and holding mass actions.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):10-17
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CAUSES OF DETERIORATION EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2016

Vasilenko N.F., Maletskaya O.V., Manin E.A., Prislegina D.A., Volynkina A.S., Lisitskaya Y.V., Shaposhnikova L.I., Taran T.V., Kulichenko A.N.

Abstract

Aim.The analysis of causes of deterioration epidemiological situation on Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the Russian Federation in 2016. Materials and methods. Data of statistical documentation of Departments of Rospotrebnadzor, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in subjects of the Russian Federation, Plague Control Research Institutions and Anti-Plague stations from 8 subjects of the Southern and 7 subjects of the North-Caucasian Federal Districts were used. The findings have been treated using by Excel program. Results. In 2016, epidemiological manifestations of CCHF are identified on the territory of 6 subjects of the south of Russia. An increase in the incidence of CC H F occurred in the Stavropol Territory, the Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan and Volgograd Regions. The main cause of the deterioration epidemiological situation on CCHF was increasing of the number and the period of activity of ticks marginatum, in the epidemic season as a result of favorable climatic conditions; incorrect dates of the realization and inadequacy of the acaricide treatments livestock and natural biotopes. Conclusion. For the improvement epidemiological situation on CCHF timely realization of the acaricide treatments in the early spring (March-April) livestock and natural biotopes using effective insecticides and with its further entomological control it is necessary.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):17-23
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AN ACCELERATED METHOD OF DIPHTHERIA GENE DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION TO DETECT DNA OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT

Borisova O.Y., Pimenova A.S., Chaplin A.V., Kafarskaya L.I., Afanasiev S.S., Aleshkin V.A., Aleshkin A.V., Afanasiev M.S., Karaulov A.V.

Abstract

Aim. Development of an accelerated method of gene diagnostics of diphtheria based on isothermal amplification for detection of DNA of the causative agent. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in typical collection strains from GKPM-Obolensk, as well as in 135 strains of C. diphtheriae isolated from bacteriological laboratories of the regions of Russian Federation and sent to the Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Strain isolation was carried out in accordance with Ml 4.2.698-98 and 4.2.3065-13. Chromosomal DNA was isolated by standard heating method, as well as using 3 commercial kits. Detection of the amplification results was carried out in horizontal electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel. Results. The developed method of gene diagnostics was established to allow detection of DNA of toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains of 2 biovars, as well as DNA of non-toxigenic tox-gene bearing strains (NTTB) of C. diphtheriae mitis biovar with mechanisms of lack of expression of diphtheria toxin gene due to the presence of deletion or mobile genetic IS element in the tox gene. Non-toxigenic tox-gene bearing C. diphtheriae strain with the mechanism of lack of diphtheria toxin gene expression due to the presence of transposon in the tox gene are identified as non-toxigenic. Evaluation of the analytical sensitivity in comparative studies using 3 commercial kits for FNA isolation has shown that sensitivity reached 4.5x 101 GE/ml using Ribo-prep kit. H igh specificity of the developed method is shown, it was evaluated in 18 strains of 16 other members of the Corynebacterium genus and 20 typical strains of microorganisms isolated from oropharynx or causing infections of the respiratory tract. Approbation of the developed method was carried out in model experiments in imitators of clinical samples by infection of single-use sterile dry tampons by consecutive dilutions of the bacterial cultures (with parallel seeding into dense nutrient media) and was 103 GE/ml. Conclusion. The developed method of accelerated gene diagnostics of the diphtheria infection has a high diagnostic effectiveness, specificity and sensitivity, allows to detect 103 - 4.5x10 GE/ml C. diphtheriae in clinical material with simultaneous verification of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):24-32
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OBTAINING FUSED RECOMBINANT PROTEINS OprF-ΔOprI, ΔOprF-ΔOprI AND OprF-aTox-ΔOprl OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Kaloshin A.A., Soldatenkova A.V., Zimina E.M., Mikhailova N.A.

Abstract

Aim. Obtaining fused recombinant proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that have protective properties against experimental pseudomonas infection. Materials and methods. Fused sequences of P. aeruginosa genes oprF, oprl and deleted form of toxA were cloned in plasmids for the expression in Escherichia coli. The synthesized recombinant proteins were purified in Ni-sepharose columns. Recombinant proteins were administered to mice intraperitonealiy twice with a 2 week interval to evaluate protective properties. Virulent culture of P. aeruginosa strain PA103 was injected into the animals intraperitonealiy 2 weeks after the immunization course as experimental challenge. Results. 3 fused recombinant proteins were produced: 1. OprF-ΔOprl included full sequence of OprF protein and deletion variant of OprI (lacking first 20 amino acids); 2. AOprF-AOprl consisted of C-terminal region (192 - 342 amino acids) OprF and deletion variant of Oprl protein; 3. OprF-aTox-ΔOprI included full sequence of OprF protein, sequence of nontoxic variant of exotoxin A (without 106 C-terminal amino acids) and deletion variant of Oprl protein. Fused recombinant proteins OprF-AOprl and OprF-aTox-ΔOprI at immunization doses of 25 and 50 pg for the first and second protein, respectively, were shown to have the best protective properties. Conclusion. The results obtained open perspectives for further studies to create specific immune biological preparations based on fused recombinant proteins of P. aeruginosa.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):32-38
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EXPERIENCE OF USING MAXIMAL ENTROPY METHOD (MAXENT) FOR ZONING OF THE TERRITORY BY HERS RISK USING NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION AS AN EXAMPLE

Solntsev L.A., Dubyansky V.M.

Abstract

Aim. Zoning of the territory of Nizhny Novgorod region by risk of HFRS infection using Maxent method. Materials and methods. Data from Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Nizhny Novgorod region for each case of the HFRS for 2010 - 2016, data on environment (Bioclim), data on vegetation activity (MODIS) were used. ArcGIS 10.2.2 and Maxent 3.3.3k packages were used. Results. Model for evaluation of potential risk of HFRS in Nizhny Novgorod was developed and validated. Conclusion. The data obtained do not contradict the observed spatial localization of the cases of HFRS infection (prediction accuracy over 75%), detected connection between spatial localization of HFRS cases and combination of environment factors and allow to predict changes in borders of potentially dangerous segments after environmental changes.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):39-45
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MANIFESTATIONS OF EPIDEMIC PROCESS OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTION IN NIZHNY NOVGOROD IN PRE-VACCINATION PERIOD

Novikova N.A., Sashina T.A., Solntsev L.A., Epifanova N.V., Kashnikov A.Y., Pogodina L.V., Okun I.N., Knyagina O.N.

Abstract

Aim. Study the manifestations of epidemic process of rotavirus infection in Nizhny Novgorod in pre-vaccination period to evaluate the possible effect on morbidity for the rotavirus vaccine application introduction. Materials and methods. Rotavirus morbidity data were analyzed for the 12-year period (2005 - 2016), as well as its age and season distribution. Rotavirus genotyping was carried out using multiplex PCR and partial sequencing of VP4 and VP7 genes. Results. RVI morbidity in Nizhny Novgorod was shown to be at a moderate level when specific prophylaxis was not applied, multi-year dynamics for morbidity reflects the all-Russian state. 2015 - 2016 were characterized by intensification of the epidemic process in age groups of organized children (3 - 6 and 7 - 14) and adults. Season increase included December-May. seasonal morbidity maximums in different age groups took place during different months. Genetic structure of Nizhny Novgorod population PV-A during this time was presented by 10 types with G9P[8] (44,4%) dominating. Conclusion. Growth of RVI morbidity in Nizhny Novgorod in 2015 - 2016 and changes in age and season manifestations of the infection took place under the condition of change of the dominating genotype PV-A (G4P[8] to G9P[8]).
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):46-52
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MICROBIOCENOSIS OF SKIN IN BROMHIDROSIS PATIENTS

Aleshkin A.V., Borisova O.Y., Gadua N.T., Bochkareva S.S., Chernova V.A., Trebunskikh I.P., Efimov B.A., Kafarskaya L.I., Afanasiev S.S., Aleshkin V.A., Afanasiev M.S., Borisova A.B., Karaulov A.V.

Abstract

Aim. Evaluate the composition of microorganisms of skin microbiocenosis of axilla in brom-hidrosis patients. Materials and methods. 23 patients were examined (11 - 17 years) under the observation at Pirogov CCDC of the National Medical-Surgery Centre. Identification was carried out using biochemical test-systems BioMerieux VITEK MS MALDI-TOF («bioMerieux», France) and 16SrRNA genesequencing with consequent juxtaposition with EMBL/NCBI. Medium and high degree of skin seeding with microbiota was present in most of the patients with bromhidrosis (52.2 and 43.5%). 137 strains belonging to 5 genera of microorganisms were identified - Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Moraxella, Micrococcus, Candida and Bacillus spp. Coiynehacte-rium genus strains (8 species) and Staphylococcus genus (5 species) prevailed in microbiocenosis (89.1%). C. tuberculostearicum strains dominated among Corynebacterium, and S. hominis - Staphylococcus. Conclusion. In most of the cases (82.6%) in patients microbiocenosis of skin of axilla was presented by consortiums of microorganisms with prevalence of Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus microorganisms.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):53-58
pages 53-58 views

STUDY OF TOXICITY OF SAKHABACTISUBTIL IN RATS

Neustroev M.P., Murashev A.N., Bondarenko D.A., Stepanova A.M., Tarabukina N.P.

Abstract

Aim. Determine safety and potential toxic effects of Sakhabactisubtil during its multifold intra-gastric administration to CD rats. Materials and methods. Male and female CD rats (Sprague-Dawley) of various experimental groups received various doses of the preparation or saline (control group) once per day (twice for group 3 in 8 mi at 6 hours interval) intra-gastrically for 14 days. Body mass, forage use, clinical signs were determined for 14 days of the preparation administration and 14 days after cancellation in all the animals. The animals were euthanized and necropsy was carried out at days 15 and 29 of the study with extraction of organs for subsequent histological analysis. Mass of internal organs was registered during necropsy, blood samples were taken for study of hematologic and biochemical parameter evaluation. Results. Animal death and signs of toxicity were not detected during the study from administration of the tested preparation for the entire period. Statistically significant differences between groups by body mass growth, hematologic and biochemical parameters were not detected. Conclusion. Sakhabactisubtil is safe during multifold intra-gastric administration to CD rats.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):59-64
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF SOLID-PHASE METHODS OF IMMUNE DETECTION OF BOTULINIC TOXIN IN BLOOD SERA OF A PATIENT WITH BOTULISM DIAGNOSIS

Zagoskina T.Y., Markov E.Y., Chaporgina E.A., Popova Y.O., Dolgova T.M., Gavrilova O.V., Taikova T.S., Nikitina A.V., Pomelova V.G., Osin N.S., Balakhonov S.V.

Abstract

Aim. Comparison of effectiveness of solid phase methods of immune detection of botulinic toxin in blood sera of a patient with botulism diagnosis: dot-immune assay using specific anti-botulinic antibodies (AT) labeled with nanoparticles of colloid silver, phosphorescent analysis (PHOSPHAN) using streptavidin label with platinum coproporphyrin (PtCP) and polystyrene nanoparticles, containing chelate complex of europium ions with naphthoyl trifluoroacetone (NA-Eu). Materials and methods. Silver nanoparticle labeled IgG isolated from a commercial diagnostic polyvalent sera against type А, В, С, E, F botulotoxins manufactured by SPA Allergen (Stavropol) with 5000 - 10000 IU activity and biotin conjugated commercial monoclonal antibodies against botulotoxin A, polyclonal mono-specific AB against botulotixin В and E and polyvalent immunoglobulin against botulotoxin А, В, С, E, F. Detection ofbotulotoxin in clinical material was carried out in dot-immunoassay on nitrocellulose membrane by PHOSPHAN method in an experimental test system using 2 detector systems based on streptavidin: PtCP and NA-Eu. Results. Botulotoxin was detected in blood sera of the botulism patient using both of the developed immune detection methods. PHOSPHAN method allowed to identify serotype В botulotoxin, that corresponded with the results obtained in botulotoxin biological neutralization reaction. Sensitivity of PHOSPHAN with NA-Eu luminescent nanoparticle based detection system was higher than with PtCP label. Conclusion. The developed methods (PHOSPHAN and dot-immunoassay) differ by high specificity and sensitivity and may be recommended for express detection of botulinic toxin in clinical material.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):64-70
pages 64-70 views

REVIEWS

STATE OF ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE

Anganova E.V., Vetokhina A.V., Raspopina L.A., Kichigina E.L., Savilov E.D.

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae microorganisms belong to a group of the most prevalent clinically significant pathogens with a high level of antibacterial resistance (ESKAPE). The speed of formation of antibiotics-resistance by K. pneumoniae strains has sharply increased and reached pandemic scale. One of the main clinically significant mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance is (3-lactamase production, the groups being active depending on the region, country' and hospital. Currently, a significant part of nosocomial K. pneumoniae is resistant to penicillins, 11I-IV generation cephalosporins. The growth of resistance of klebsiellae to carbapenems is a serious threat to the healthcare system. First ofall, KPC-, OXA-, NDM-, VIM-, IMP-producing Widespread of carbapenem-resistant klebsiellae gives evidence on the necessity of international collaboration within the framework of antibiotics resistance control. An increase of frequency of obtained resistance of K. pneumoniae to non-(3-lactame antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides) is noted. Isolates of K. pneumoniae resistant to tygecyclin, colistin are registered. In general, the problem of antibiotics resistance of causative agents of human diseases including K. pneumoniae continues to intensify. This is a serious threat to world public health that requires action in all sectors of the state.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):70-77
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PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS: PATHOGENETIC VALUE OF INNATE IMMUNITY CELLS

Somova L.M., Plekhova N.G., Drobot E.I., Lyapun I.N.

Abstract

Novel data on mechanisms of innate immunity during infections with pathogenic Yersiniae are summarized in the review, that was mostly determined by complex developments regarding a unique pair of genetically related causative agents Y. pseudotuberculosis/Y. pestis. Our previous studies have revealed a morphological substrate of relative granulocyte immune deficiency that determines characteristic pathomorphologic features of pseudotuberculosis. To date, evidence has been obtained, that pathogenic for human Yersinia predominately activate protective function of innate immunity cells that is an important strategy to avoid elimination and cause the disease for the bacteria. Neutrophils (PMNs) play a fundamental role in response to infection by pathogenic Yersiniae in primary immune response and limit of primary spread of bacteria that use several mechanisms of eradication ofbacteria, e.g.: phagocytosis, oxidative stress, secretory degranulation, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, efferocytosis. Infected PMNs can act as an intermediate host for consequent non-inflammatory infection of macrophages. Further elaboration of questions relating to primary anti-infection protection during Yersinia infections gives a key to understanding of immune pathogenesis of epidemic pseudotuberculosis (far Eastern scarlet-like fever) and yersiniosis in general.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):78-90
pages 78-90 views

TRANSFER OF DANGEROUS VIRAL INFECTIONS IN THE NON-ENDEMIC AREA

Markin V.A., Chifanov D.E.

Abstract

Epidemic data are presented, possible causes analyzed and the dangers of observed in recent years expansion of existing areas of viral infections, including the introduction of the agent to the non-endemic area, evaluated. At the present time there is a significant expansion of the ranges of some zooantroponozes pathogens, particular filovirus Ebola and arboviruses - Rift Valley fever, Zika, Chikungunya. When extending the boundaries of epidemic foci in the new territory for the pathogen, can occur aggravating of clinical manifestations of the disease and increase mortality among the indigenous population. Extremely hazardous exotic viral hemorrhagic fever (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa) when transfer with sick people in some cases, can cause contamination of the contact persons. Rift Valley fever - one of the most aggressive arboviruses, in the case of importation can form stable epidemic foci. Transfer of Zika fever in the territory of the Russian Federation has not represent substantial epidemiological value. Epidemiological factors, essential for the formation of new areas of pathogens may include the presence of permissive candidates in natural hosts and vectors, the climatic conditions. Role of socio-economic factors is significant. Among of environmental factors is the important role of some trace elements, including selenium, involved in the regulation of homeostasis and which faults occur in the upward virulence virus mutating. In parts of Africa and Asia, with soils poor in selenium, were first introduced pathogens or highly virulent strains of influenza A, SARS, Ebola and of SIV, and drifts on these and similar areas have led to an increase in the virulence of viruses.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):91-100
pages 91-100 views

PERIODONTOPHATOGENIC BACTERIA OF THE MAIN FACTORS OF EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTITIS

Tsarev V.N., Nikolaeva E.N., Ippolitov E.V.

Abstract

Presents a modern understanding of the role of periodontophatogenic bacteria types: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Tannerella forsythia (Bacteroides forsythus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis as indicators of periodontitis emergence and development risk. Therminological definitions are given of factors, indicators and markers of risk of periodontium inflammatory diseases development that show the level of importance of their association with the disease as well as the quantitative evaluation of these associations.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):101-112
pages 101-112 views

HISTORY OF SCIENCE

EVOLUTION OF THE SAPRONOSIS NOTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPT OF PARASITISM IN INFECTOLOGY

Andryukov B.G., Somova L.M., Timchenko N.F.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):119-126
pages 119-126 views

ANNIVERSARIES

ЮБИЛЕИ

Article E.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):126
pages 126 views

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

CONTENTS

Article E.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2017;94(5):127-128
pages 127-128 views


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