Vol 96, No 2 (2019)

ORIGINAL RESEARCHES

Influence of bacteriophages on sensitivity of conditionally pathogenic bacteria to antibacterial prepar ations

Vakarina A.A., Kataeva L.V., Stepanova T.F.

Abstract

Aim. Study of the influence of bacteriophages on the formation  of resistance of opportunistic bacteria to antibacterial  drugs. Materials and methods. The sensitivity of 108 strains of Staphylococcus aureus to the staphylococcus  bacteriophage,  97 strains of bacteria of the genus Klebsiella to the bacteriophage Klebsiella polyvalent, and also to antibacterial  preparations  before and after interaction  with a specific bacteriophage has been studied. Results. The sensitivity of S. aureus bacteria to the staphylococcus bacteriophage was 66.7%, the lytic activity of the Klebsiella bacteriophage was polyvalent for strains of the Klebsiella genus, 83.5%. A decrease in the number of sensitive and moderately resistant strains of S. aureus to antibacterial  drugs after interaction  with a specific bacteriophage has been reported. The number of bacteria sensitive to antibiotics of the genus Klebsiella increased under the influence of the Klebsiella bacteriophage. Conclusion. The results of the study testify to the multidirectional influence of bacteriophages  on the antibiotic  susceptibility of opportunistic cultures and the need for additional  study of this issue with the help of modern  molecular genetic methods of research.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):3-7
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Switching of Burkholderia pseudomallei colony morphotypes in stationary condition and in the organism of experimental animals

Merinova L.K., Korol E.V., Senina T.V., Merinova O.A., Sharov T.N., Plekhanova N.G.

Abstract

Aim. Сharacterization of Burkholderia pseudomallei 110 morphotypes, obtained under various cultivation conditions, studying phenotypic characteristics and switching of colony morphology after removal of stress and in the organism of experimental animals. Materials and methods. Morphotypes were induced by passage of B. pseudomallei 110 in LB, sterile river water and in Tetrahymena pyriformis cells, identified on Ashdown medium,  classified according to Chantratita et al., some phenotypic characteristics have been determined. Cultures of morphotypes  were stored for 6-10 months  in 0,4% Nutrient  agar under liquid petrolatun  and colony morphology  was analyzed. Results. Seven morphotypes  of colonies were identified and designated I Chl, II, III Chl, IV Chl, V, VI, and VII Chl. The variability of morphotypes  and their ratio depended  on cultivation conditions.  Morphotypes  were distinguished by the activity of extracellular enzymes, mobility, characterized by increase of porin proteins production, variation in protein mass-spectrums, and decrease of virulence. From animals infected with all morphotypes  was obtained I Chl morphotype; during storage, all cultures acquired the structure of morphotype  VI (VII Chl) of the original strain, similar enzymatic activity and partially restored virulence. Conclusion. The morphotype  VI (VII Chl) B. pseudomallei 110 under stress conditions  gives rise to 5 other morphotypes  that in the animals are switched to the morphotype  I Chl; after removal of the stressful effect they are reverted to the initial morphological variant and its phenotypic properties are restored.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):8-13
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Non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor, isolated in the territory of Russia: molecular-genetic peculiarities and pathogenic properties

Agafonova E.Y., Smirnova N.I., Alkhova Z.V., Krasnov Y.M., Livanova L.F., Lozovsky Y.V., Kutyrev V.V.

Abstract

Aim. Comparative  analysis of the sequenced on our own effort genomes of non-toxigenic strains with different set of pathogenicity genes and assessment of their virulence on the model of intestinal inoculation of newborn rabbits. Materials and methods. Whole-genome DNA sequencing of 26 strains was carried out using semiconductor sequencing technology. Haemolysin and hemagglutinin-protease production was evaluated applying conventional methods. Virulence of the strains for newborn rabbits was determined  through intraluminal inoculation at the dose of 107 CFU/ml. Results. On the basis of whole genome analysis of ctxA-tcpA+ and ctxA-tcpA-  non-toxigenic strains, differences in composition  and structure stability of mobile elements associated with pathogenicity have been identified. Significant differences in nucleotide sequences of hlyA, hapA, and rtxA genes, encoding  production of additional  pathogenicity  factors, have also been detected. The paper provides the results of assessment of their phylogenetic relations. Experiments on animal models have confirmed the inability of non-toxigenic ctxA-tcpA+ and ctxA-tcpA- strains to cause the development of typical cholera infection. Conclusion. New data on the genome structure of different non-toxigenic strains and their phylogenetic relations have been obtained. Based on the results of inoculation  of animal models with cells of non-toxigenic strains with the studied genome the inference is drawn on their inability to cause the development of typical cholera infection.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):13-24
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Comparative analysis of adaptation properties in typical and genetically altered Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains

Zadnova S.P., Kritsky A.A., Plekhanov N.A., Cheldyshova N.B., Smirnova N.I.

Abstract

Aim. Study of biological properties in natural strains of genovariants of V. cholerae biovar El Tor, affecting their adaptation  capacities under nutrient  deficiency while comparing them with typical strains. Materials and methods. Competitive  sampling was carried out through  plating a mixture of cells of the two strains under investigation into autoclaved river water. Growth rate was evaluated through the optic density values. Gene expression was studied applying RT-PCR with designed primers and probes. Results. It is established that during combined  cultivation of V. cholerae El Tor typical strains and genovariants under the shortage of nutrient substances (autoclaved river water), at room temperature, the level of survivability in genetically altered strains is higher than in typical strains, which points to their expressed adaptation advantages over the typical ones under the stated conditions.  It is demonstrated that selective benefits of genovariant strains are provided by higher cell growth rate and increased rpoS gene expression. Conclusion. Obtained have been new data on the ability of bacterial strains of V. cholerae El Tor genovariants to rapidly grow and better express global regulator of stress response, rpoS gene, which, probably, contributes to their enhanced adaptation not only under nutrient deficiency, but under the influence of other stress factors too.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):25-30
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Epidemiological and molecular-genetic monitoring of rotavirus infection in the Orenburg region in the period predictively

Akimkin V.G., Gorelov A.V., Podkolzin A.T., Denisyuk N.B.

Abstract

Aim. To analyze the epidemiological situation of rotavirus infection in the Orenburg region, taking into account  the manifestations  of the epidemic  process and the molecular  genetic characteristics  of rotavirus group. Materials and methods. We рresented the results of epidemiological and molecular genetic monitoring of rotavirus infection in the period 2013-2017. Molecular genetic typing was performed in 232 fecal samples of patients under 3 years of age with rotavirus infection. Were used methods of retrospective epidemiological analysis, ELISA, PCR. Results. The incidence of high tear and had a tendency to increase. The most affected were children under 14 years of age. The genetic potential of the rotavirus population in the region was represented by ten main genotypes. The leading significance in the epidemic process were genotypes with the highest frequency of occurrence:  G4[P]8  (56,9%), G9[P]8  (12,9%), Mixt (8,6%), G2[P]4  (7,7%), G1[P]8  (6,5%). Conclusion. Were revealed a significant increase in the incidence of rotavirus infection among children. Were revealed the dominant genotypes of rotaviruses, their regional diversity and change during several seasons.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):30-36
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Epidemiology of HIV-assosiated tuberculosis in the Far Eastern Federal District

Bazykina E.A., Trotsenko O.E., Turkutyukov V.B., Balakhontseva L.A., Kotova V.O.

Abstract

Aim. To determine  epidemiologic manifestations  of HIV-infection associated with tuberculosis in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). Materials and methods. The retrospective epidemiologic analysis was performed based on the official statistical data form № 61 «Data on HIV infected population» in reference to clinically registered HIV and tuberculosis co-infected  patients. Results. The research revealed a growth trend of general tuberculosis prevalence against the background of stabilization of the tuberculosis incidence in HIV-positive  patients in the FEFD during 2006-2015. High tuberculosis-burden was registered in the most of the Far Eastern federal district constituent entities (Khabarovsk and Primorsky regions, Jewish and Chukotka  autonomous districts, Amursk oblast, and Republic Sakha (Yakutia). A statistically significant positive correlation  (r=0,66, p=0,003)  between percentage  of active tuberculosis in HIV-positive  patients and percentage of patients with AIDS was identified. The percentage of active tuberculosis in HIV-positive people on average over 10 years equaled to 65.0%. The prevalence rate of tuberculosis was higher by 19.2% in HIV-positive  inmates  compared  with HIV-positive  civilians. Conclusion. Тhe  FEFD is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation with high and unstable levels of tuberculosis prevalence in people living with HIV.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):36-44
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Analysis of natural focal infections incidence in the south of the European part of the Russian Federation in 2017

Vasilenko N.F., Maletskaya O.V., Taran T.V., Prislegina D.A., Manin E.A., Semenko O.V., Kulichenko A.N.

Abstract

Aim.  The  analysis  of  epidemiological  situation  on  natural  focal  infections  in  the  south  of  the European  part of the Russian Federation in 2017. Materials and methods. Data of statistical documentation of Departments of Rospotrebnadzor, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in subjects of the Russian Federation, Plague Control Research Institutions  and Anti-Plague stations from 8 subjects of the Southern and 7 subjects of the North-Caucasian Federal Districts were used. The findings have been treated using by Microsoft Excel 2010 program. Results. On the territory of the south of the European  part of the Russian Federation 962 cases of natural focal infectious diseases (of which 89 per cent were bacterial etiology and 11 per cent were viral etiology) were identified in 2017. Compared  with 2016 the rate of bacterial natural focal infections increased by 2,3 per cent,  the rate of viral natural  focal infections decreased by 50,7 per cent.  The number  of natural  focal infections  patients  decreased  by 8 per cent compared  to the previous year. The most of epidemiological complications  were observed on the «tick-borne» infections, the rate of which in the general structure of the reported natural focal infections cases amounted  to 78,6 per cent (756 patients). Also 6 dengue fever cases were registered, but all of the patients might have acquired the disease after travelling to other areas. Conclusion. The analysis of natural focal infections morbidity in the south of the European  part of the Russian Federation in 2017 demonstrates  the retention  of activity of the natural foci of bacterial and viral infections,  therefore questions of prevention  of natural focal infectious diseases and constant  monitoring  of their natural  foci in subjects of the Southern  and North-Caucasian Federal Districts had the particular relevance.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):44-50
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The prevalence r ate of human herpes viruses among different age populations

Mardanly S.G., Arseneva V.A., Mardanly S.S., Rotanov S.V.

Abstract

Aim. To evaluate infection with both individual types of HHV and their combinations for two categories of population — children and elderly persons. Materials and methods. The presence of IgG to human herpes viruses 1-6 and 8 types in sera of children  aged 0-18 (1006 individuals) and elderly patients  aged 60-99 (1004 individuals) was investigated by ELISA-method. Results. It was shown that 45 — 61,3% of examined children (aged 0-2 years) are infected with HHV-1, HHV-3, HHV-4, HHV-5 and HHV-6. The subsequent dynamics of infection with the first, third and fourth types of HHV expressed in the final constant growth up to 16-18 years was noted. There was no connection between children age and HHV-2, HHV-6 and HHV-8, it was ranged from 45 to 68% for HHV-6  and did not rise above 3.5 and 10% for HHV-2  and HHV-8 respectively. In most cases elderly persons of all age groups were infected with HHV-1, HHV-3, HHV-4 and HHV-5, antibodies to HHV-2 were detected in 21,3-26,6% of all individuals of this age. Conclusion. In order to ensure effective planning and implementation of adequate  treatment and preventive measures that will minimize the adverse medical and social consequences of HHV spread among the population of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to continue detailed study of HHV infection in all population groups.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):50-55
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Possibility of using exometabolites Bifidobacterium bifidum № 791 in traumatology and orthopedics

Markov A.A., Timokhina T.H., Perunova N.B., Paromova Y.I., Ivanova E.V.

Abstract

Aim. To study the effect of exometabolites  of Bifidobacterium bifidum on the biological properties of causative agents of purulent-septic complications  in trauma and orthopedic  practice and to evaluate their effect on reparative bone tissue regeneration in the peri-implant zone in the postoperative period. Materials and methods. Using the museum cultures of B. bifidum 791, S. aureus 25923 ATCC,  P. aeruginosa 27853 ATCC  and  antibiotic-resistant hospital  strains,  isolated from patients  with periprosthetic  infection  and osteomyelitis (S.aureus 889, S. epidermidis 2041, P. aeruginosa 9672). The supernatant  (exometabolites)  of B. bifidum 791 was obtained from a broth culture, which was centrifuged and passed through a membrane filter. In studying the effect of exometabolites  of bifidobacteria  on the proliferative activity of bacteria, the two-day supernatant  of B. bifidum was co-incubated for 24 cultures of museum  and hospital strains. The biofilm formation  in vitro experiment  was studied after 24 and 96 hours. Treatment  of implants with exometabolites of bifidobacteria was carried out for 30 minutes. Experimental  research was carried out on rabbits of breed «Flandr». Titanium  implants  without  coating (control)  and with porous SBKFM  coating treated with exometabolites  of B. bifidum (experiment) were screwed into the tibial bones of animals. Histological examination  and computed  microtomography were performed  using a SkyScan 1172 instrument (BRUKER). Result. Depending on the time of cultivation of bifidobacteria, the supernatant B. bifidum 791 had a bacteriostatic  and bactericidal effect to varying degrees, and also inhibited the biofilm formation of the studied microorganism cultures, including antibiotic-resistant strains. In in vivo experiments, the use of porous SBKFM coatings on titanium implants treated with the supernatant of bifidobacteria made it possible to maintain the mineral density indices of the peri-implantation zone at a high level in comparison with the use of control titanium implants without coating. Conclusion. Positive results of preclinical experiments are promising for further clinical research in trauma and orthopedic  practice, which ultimately will reduce the risk of developing septic complications  and prevent the migration of metal structures and instability of endoprostheses in the postoperative period.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):55-61
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Comparative study of anti-measles immunity in adult population of Sochi and laboratory primates of Adler primate center

Korzaya L.I., Dogadov D.I., Goncharenko A.M., Lapin B.A.

Abstract

Aim. Comparative  study of the level of anti-measles  immunity  in monkeys of the Primate  Center  , colony service staff and in some groups of the population  of the Adler region. Materials and methods. In this study 1077 sera have been investigated : 354-from humans  and 723-from monkeys. Commercial  test systems were used to determine IgG and IgM antibodies to measles virus by IEA (immune enzyme analysis). Results. An extremely low degree of anti-measles immunity among monkeys of different species of the Adler Primate Center (10,2±1,4%) at the expense of the individuals born before 1993 was revealed. In cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) imported from Vietnam and the Republic of Mauritius in 2015-2017 the rate of detection of anti-IgG varied from 2.3% to 57.5%. Anti-IgM was no detected. The rate of anti — measles immunity in the adult population  was generally below normal (86.4±1.8%), but varied in different groups (57.8-100%). A significant difference was found (p≤0.05) not only in the percentage of individuals with the immunity to measles virus among persons aged 18-35 compared with persons aged 36-75 years (73.6±3.5% and 96.9±1.2%, respectively), but also in the average antibody titers (1.34±0.26 IU/ml and 2.92±0.24 IU/ml, respectively). The lowest percentage of seropositive individuals (57.8±6.2%) and antibody levels (0.97±0.21 IU/ml) were observed in a group of students  (18-25 years old). Conclusion. The presence  of individuals (26.4%) seronegative to the measles virus among young people aged 18-35 years supports the necessity of vaccination against measles. The emergence of a source of infection among nonimmune monkeys (89.8%) born after 1992 may lead to an outbreak of measles.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):61-67
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Study of the biological properties of attenuated variants of the virulent A/WSN/33 strain of influenza virus, obtained by the site-specific mutagenesis of PB2-gene

Kost V.Y., Rtischev A.A., Mintaev R.R., Akopova I.I., Lisovskaya K.V., Markushin S.G.

Abstract

Aim. Study of biological properties of attenuated  variants of the virulent A/WSN/33 strain of influenza virus, obtained by the site-specific mutagenesis of PB2-gene. Materials and methods. Site-specific mutants of A/WSN/33 of influenza virus, having in PB2-gene ts-mutations from genome of cold-adapted (CA) master-strains: A/Ann  Arbor/6/60 (H2N2); A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2); A/Krasnodar/101/35/59 (H2N2) were obtained  with help of reverse genetics methods.  The ts-phenotype, att-phenotype, immunogenicity and protective efficacy in homologous and heterologous control infections were studied in the obtained site-specific mutants. Results. It was shown that the inclusion in the PB2-gene of the virulent A/WSN/33 strain as single mutations and a combination of mutations from the genomes of CA donor-strains leads to a change in the ts-phenotype and att-phenotype of the mutants obtained. These mutants had high protective efficacy in homologous and heterologous control infection. Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to consider the site-specific mutants of influenza virus as possible candidates for live influenza vaccines.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):68-76
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Biological safety of public events: assessment of external epidemiological threat

Efremenko D.V., Vasilenko N.F., Efremenko V.I.

Abstract

Division of infections into the constituting  individual and population  danger taking into account  the territorial  and seasonal risks of distribution  at their drift is proved in article and the differentiation  of the last on threat of emergence of emergency situation of biological character at epidemic manifestations  that will allow to optimize algorithms of reaction and the organization of antiepidemic actions. The new relative criterion  «orient number  of infections from one source» reflecting potential  ability of the activator to be transferred in human  population  is offered. Assessment of risk of distribution  and threat of emergence of emergency situation  at the drift on the territory  of the Russian Federation of some diseases constituting population  danger is carried out: plagues (in pulmonary  and bubonic forms), cholera,  hemorrhagic  fevers with the leading contact mechanism  of transfer of the activator, especially dangerous the ortopoxvirus and the coronavirus of infections, the Crimean hemorrhagic fever, poliomyelitis.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):76-82
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Evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of or al microbiota in patients with medial osteonecrosis of the jaw

Ivanyushko T.P., Polyakov K.A., Kunizheva M.A., Ivanov S.Y., Abramov D.D.

Abstract

Aim. To determine  the qualitative and quantitative composition  of the oral microbiota in patients with medial osteonecrosis of the jaw (MOJ). Materials and methods. Microbiota was evaluated in 15 patients with medial osteonecrosis of the jaw. An assessment was made of 12 groups of optional and obligate-anaerobic microorganisms.  Evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative  composition  of oral microbiota  in patients with MOJ was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RT). Results. The aerobic-anaerobic microbiota composition in patients with MOJ in the oral fluid and separated from the fistula is presented. The values of the total bacterial mass (TBM) and all anaerobic microorganisms  in the oral fluid in patients with MOJ before treatment were higher by 1-3 orders of magnitude than in healthy individuals. In the jaw, separated from the fistula in the zone of necrosis of the jaw, these parameters  were higher by 2-4 orders than in the oral fluid. Prior to surgery, a course of antibiotic  therapy was conducted  for 7 days. As a result of the therapy,  the parameters  of anaerobic  microflora  in the oral fluid decreased.  The use of cefazolin was more effective than lincomycin.  In 1 year after surgical treatment, the index of TBM and the indices of anaerobic  microorganisms  did not  differ from those of healthy  individuals. Conclusion. Patients  with medical osteonecrosis of the jaw have a high level of anaerobic pathogens in the oral microbiota. The course of antibiotic  therapy and surgical intervention  are effective methods  of treatment of MOJ,  as they lead to effective sanation, and allow further endoprosthetics.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):82-86
pages 82-86 views

КРАТКОЕ СООБЩЕНИЕ

Antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139 strains isolated from hydroecosystems in 2016-2017 in Rostov-on-Don

Bereznyak E.A., Trishina A.V., Selyanskaya N.A., Arkhangelskaya I.V., Simonova I.R., Ezhova M.I.

Abstract

Aim. To assess the prevalence of antimicrobial  resistance of Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139 strains in water bodies in Rostov-on-Don. Materials and methods. Sampling was carried out at fixed points of open reservoirs in Rostov-on-Don from May to September in 2016 and 2017. Sensitivity/resistance of V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139 to antibacterial  drugs (ABP) recommended for emergency prevention  and treatment of cholera was determined  by serial dilution on Müller-Hinton agar. Results. 196 strains of V. cholerae nonO1/ nonO139 were isolated in 2016, 75 — in 2017. When serotyping it was found that all strains were assigned to 17 serogroups, representatives  of O16 and O76 serogroups prevailed. Analysis of the distribution  of strains on resistance to ABP showed that sensitive strains of V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139 were not detected.  All microorganisms  were resistant to furazolidone.  The proportions  of isolates resistant to co-trimoxazole and ampicillin were 35.2% and 40% in 2016, and 33.6% and 28.3% in 2017 respectively. All microorganisms were distributed over ten phenotypes and were characterized  by the presence of 1 to 4 determinants of resistance. Conclusion. The resistance of V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139 strains isolated in Rostov-on-Don water bodies to furazolidone increased from 47% in 2011 — 2014 to 100% in 2016 — 2017. Resistance to co-trimaxazole  increased from 7.8% to 35.2 — 40%. Strains resistant to gentamicin (1.5%) earlier absent were detected in 2016.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):87-91
pages 87-91 views

REVIEWS

The programme of measles elimination in the WHO African region: current state of the problem

Antipova A.Y., Bichurina M.A., Lavrentieva I.N., Totolyan A.A.

Abstract

In the WHO African region (AFR),  measles is characterized  by severe complications  with a high risk of death due to malnutrition, vitamin А deficiency, concomitant infections. Measles viruses of genotype B (B1, B2, B3) are the endemic viruses in the African region (47 countries).  The strategy for the elimination of measles in AFR was based on the combination  of supplementary  immunization programmes (SIAs) for children under 14 years of age and routine vaccination of at least 90% of children 9-15 months of age. It was recommended to repeat the SIAs every 3-5 years. The number of measles cases decreased by 83-97% during the first year due to the strategy. The recommended age of routine vaccination in AFR is 9 months — this is a way to reduce measles-caused infant mortality. However, the level of seroconversion is not sufficient (85%). To eliminate measles completely by 2020, it’s recommended the use of two-dose regimens — vaccination and revaccination. Vaccination coverage with a single dose of measles vaccine in the African region increased to 74% in 2015, but the high incidence of measles in the region persists. In 2013-2016 there are 103,161 cases of measles among children under 6 years of age in AFR ; 79% of which were not vaccinated (or had unknown vaccination  status). In 2013, the measles vaccine program in several AFR countries  was disrupted  by the epidemic of Ebola. In countries where the epidemic has ended, the vaccination was recommended to be resumed for persons who may have missed routine immunization. There are problems in the implementation of measles elimination  in AFR: insufficient equipment  of medical centers and lack of qualified personnel, poor population awareness, poorly developed communication system, military conflicts.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):91-99
pages 91-99 views

Immune mechanisms of community-acquired pneumonia and copd due to infectious etiology and methods of immunotherapy

Korovkina E.S., Kostinov M.P.

Abstract

Novadays a growing number of immunodependent diseases observed. There are 3 main groups of diseases of the immune system: immunodeficiency, allergic and autoimmune diseases. Also at the foundation of the brocken functions of the immune  system could be the age of the patients,  the chronic diseases, the localization of the inflammatory process, etiological characterization of the pathogen and various disorders of the immune system, especially in the case of existing genetic defects. In recent years, the increasing significance of conditionally pathogenic microflora in the development of pathology associated with the infection. Community-acquired pneumonia and chronic  obstructive pulmonary  disease (COPD) are characterized by high morbidity and mortality.  The inclusion in the traditional  therapy drugs with immunomodulatory effects helps enhance  the action the treatment. Azoximer bromide could helps to reduce the duration  and severity of the disease and reduce the incidence  of severe forms of the disease. Also in recent  years, the immunomodulatory drugs are of special interest immunomodulators of bacterial origin on the basis of which are constructed  of antibacterial  therapeutic  vaccine. All of the above indicates the need to further develop pathogenetic, including immunocorrecting therapy, especially in severe disease.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):100-109
pages 100-109 views

Pseudotuberculosis as persistent infection: etiopathogenetic preconditions

Somova L.M., Andryukov B.G., Timchenko N.F., Psareva E.K.

Abstract

The review discusses the pathogenetic  features of pseudotuberculosis, which predetermine the possibility of recurrence  of the disease and persistent  infection.  Among them  deserve attention  the damage of lymphoid organs with the development  of secondary immunodeficiency, granulomatous  inflammation, efferocytosis, associated with the absorption of apoptotic,  phosphatidyl-positive neutrophils.  Efferocytosis as one of the antimicrobial  strategies of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) reduces the damage to surrounding tissue and increases the production of anti-inflammatory molecules, while the Yersinia infected PMNLs  can act as an intermediate  host for the subsequent non-inflammatory infection of macrophages. The predisposition of Yersinia, including Y. pseudotuberculosis, to persistence is associated with genetically determined  bacterial pathogenicity  factors, mainly with their antiphagocytic  properties and the ability to produce a cytotoxic necrotic factor (CNFY).

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):110-119
pages 110-119 views

HISTORY OF SCIENCE

З.В. Ермольева — выдающийся микробиолог, создатель отечественного пенициллина и других антибактериальных препаратов

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Abstract

К   120-летию   со   дня   рождения З.В. Ермольевой и 90-летию открытия пенициллина.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):119-124
pages 119-124 views

OBITUARIES

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Abstract

17 сентября 2018 г. на 91 году жизни скончался известный микробиолог доктор медицинских наук профессор Владимир Гаврилович Лиходед.

15 ноября 2018 г. на 73 году жизни скончалась известный лептоспиролог доктор медицинских наук профессор член-корреспондент РАН Юлия Васильевна Ананьина.

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2019;96(2):125
pages 125 views


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