Aim.  The  analysis  of  epidemiological  situation  on  natural  focal  infections  in  the  south  of  the European  part of the Russian Federation in 2017. Materials and methods. Data of statistical documentation of Departments of Rospotrebnadzor, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in subjects of the Russian Federation, Plague Control Research Institutions  and Anti-Plague stations from 8 subjects of the Southern and 7 subjects of the North-Caucasian Federal Districts were used. The findings have been treated using by Microsoft Excel 2010 program. Results. On the territory of the south of the European  part of the Russian Federation 962 cases of natural focal infectious diseases (of which 89 per cent were bacterial etiology and 11 per cent were viral etiology) were identified in 2017. Compared  with 2016 the rate of bacterial natural focal infections increased by 2,3 per cent,  the rate of viral natural  focal infections decreased by 50,7 per cent.  The number  of natural  focal infections  patients  decreased  by 8 per cent compared  to the previous year. The most of epidemiological complications  were observed on the «tick-borne» infections, the rate of which in the general structure of the reported natural focal infections cases amounted  to 78,6 per cent (756 patients). Also 6 dengue fever cases were registered, but all of the patients might have acquired the disease after travelling to other areas. Conclusion. The analysis of natural focal infections morbidity in the south of the European  part of the Russian Federation in 2017 demonstrates  the retention  of activity of the natural foci of bacterial and viral infections,  therefore questions of prevention  of natural focal infectious diseases and constant  monitoring  of their natural  foci in subjects of the Southern  and North-Caucasian Federal Districts had the particular relevance.