Vol 96, No 3 (2019)

Aim is to evaluate the biological properties of bifidobacteria in HIV-infected children with different degrees of gut microflora disorders to determine the direction for correction of bifidobacterium in HIV infection.

Materials and methods. 58 selected cultures of bifidobacteria from HIV-infected children, 45 children in the comparison group. In bifidobacteria studied adhesion index of microorganisms (IAM), hydrophobicity (H), acid formation, antioxidant activity (AOA), delayed antagonism to opportunistic microorganisms.

Results. In HIV-infected children at I degree of gut microflora disorders biological properties of bifidobacteria did not differ from the comparison group (p>0.05). At II degree of gut microflora disorders hydrophobicity of bifidobacteria was 45,75% (33; 58.8), IaM — 2.5 (2,0; 2.9), acid formation 67,3⁰ T (53,0; 97,4), AOA — 0.8 E_aoa (0,6; 1.0). At III degree of gut microflora disorders H — 22,7% (15.8; 46,6), iAm — 2.4 (1,92; 3,69), acid formation — 66,3 T (48,9; 94,9), AOA-0.4 E_aoa (0,3; 0,6). Value biological properties at II and III degrees of gut microflora disorders were lower than in bifidoflora from HIV-negative children (p<0.01).

Conclusion. At the I degree of gut microflora disorders in HIV infection it is necessary to correct the quantitative level of bifidobacteria. At II and III degree it is necessary to correct the surface properties, antioxidant and fermentation of carbohydrates activity of bifidobacteria.

Aim. The purpose of this study is to create the technology of preparation of the polymeric allergoid received by chemical modification of Dermatophagoides farinae extract by a formaldehyde and a monomeric allergoid of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus received by succinilation and studying of their physical, chemical and immunologic properties.

Materials and methods. In the modification species determined the protein content, isoelectric points of protein components by a method of isoelectrofocusing (IEF), esterase activity. Antigenic properties of allergoid studied by methods of an immunodiffusion and an immunoelectrophoresis. Applied microdot immunoenzyme assay to characterize the specific activity of a resulting allergoid. Received by a succinilation allergoid was also studied on physical and chemical indicators.

Results. It is established That the formalinization is resulted by the expressed depression of allergenic activity of an allergoid. It is also shown that succinilation leads to essential depression of allergenicity of a monomeric allergoid due to blockade of B-cellular epitopes and to conservation of an adjuvanticity helps to T-cellular epitopes.

Conclusion. Thanks to the proved depression of allergenicity and rising of an adjuvanticity monomeric and polymeric allergoid can be recommended for carrying out allergenspecific immunotherapy (ASIT).

Aim. To analyze the level of HIV drug resistance among primary patients (who did not receive antiretroviral therapy (ART)) living in the Moscow region, where access to the antiretroviral therapy is quite high.

Material and methods. Blood samples from 527 drug-nanve patients who live in the Moscow (n=279) and in the Moscow region (n=248) were examined for the period 2008-2015 years. For detecting and analyzing possible mutations of resistance virus genome nucleotide sequence region was studied using the test systems ViroseqTMHIV-1 Genotyping System and StanfordnHIV Drug Resistance database (http://cpr.stanford.edu/cpr.cgi).

Results. It was found that the level of transmission of HIV-1 resistant strains among na^e-drug HIV-positive patients is still quite low, that is 2%. However, the percentage of polymorphism mutations and secondary substitutions which in combination with other resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene can reduce the virus sensitivity to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) is quite high — 34.5%.

Conlusion. The level of primary resistance among drug-nanve HIV-infected persons does not exceed 5%. However, given the wide access to ART and the emergence in recent years of ambiguous mutations and deletions in the reverse transcriptase/ protease gene that could potentially lead to ARVs resistance, it is obvious that continuous monitoring of the circulation of resistant strains is necessary.

Aim. The persistence of the specific antibodies and the kinetics of the antibody neutralizing activity level and spectrum were studied in two groups of healthy young adults after the immunization with two different vaccine lots characterized with the different vaccine potency were studied for 3 years.

Materials and methods. Antibodies were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) assay using the L-3 vaccine mumps virus (MuV) and five more geterologous MuV strains of genotypes A, B, C, D and H as the targets in 3-year follow-up serum samples (n=60) of once-vaccinated volunteers.

Results. Maximal of the specific antibodies functional activity according to the avidity index as well as to the neutralizing activity level against 6 used in the investigation MuV strains was registered on month 12^th till 18^th after vaccination in both groups of volunteers. Interestingly the specific IgG levels registered by EIA were going already down from month 12^th. It was a waning immunity tendency, in general, over time in both groups of volunteers. In the current investigation two vaccines lots contained significantly different MuV titer in one dose (2, 76-fold difference, U-test p>0,005) induced the specific humoral immunity with no statistical differences in the measured parameters in 60 once vaccinated volunteers.

Conclusion. The current study results make it possible to suggest controlling or limiting the maximum permissible level of vaccine potency, as no more. Such limitation could reduce the risk of the post vaccination reaction and of vaccine virus horizontal transmission. At the same time the optimal vaccine potency bound will make vaccine production more economical.

During the preparation of the FIFA World Cup 2018 in 2015-2017 genetic features of regional pathogenic strains in the city of Sochi are determined. The strains and nucleic acid isolates of bacterial and viral infectious diseases causative agents — acute intestinal infections: rota-, noro-, astro and enteroviruses, Salmonella enteritidis, natural focal infections: hantaviruses, Rickettsia of tick spotted fevers group, Borrelia are genotyped. In result, complex genetic profiling of infection diseases causative agents variants that are actual for the Sochi region has been carried out. The obtained database was used to provide molecular analysis of pathogens during the XIX International Festival of Youth and Students (2017) and during the FIFA World Cup (2018). The perspective of using this algorithm of genetic analysis in description of outbreaks (cases) of infectious diseases in specific areas is shown.

The aim of the study was to study the etiopathogenesis of erythema, comparative study of the clinical efficacy of combination therapy with the use of immunomodulators in erythema, the study of the dynamics of immunological parameters as a result of therapy.

Materials and methods. The study included 215 adult patients with erythema. Before treatment and 1.5 months after therapy in patients have been studied: the expression of TLRs on MLPC and skin cells by flow cytometry with the use of the mat for TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 (Caltag Laboratories, USA) using a flow cytometer FC-500 (Beckman Coulter, USA); the subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes; the levels of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in the serum by the method of solid-phase ELISA using test systems company «Biosource» (Austria); the main classes of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) in serum.

Results. It was shown that these pathogenetic and diagnostic significance of viruses of the family nerpesviri-dae, bacterial contamination by different types of microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus spp., Proteus vulgaris). A substance containing antigens of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, and the use of neuro sensorimotor reflex integration (MNRI) contributed to the decline in the number and severity of recurrences of erythema, the extension of the range expressed Toll-like receptors; increase of lymphocytes with immunophenotype CD3+, CD4+, CD25+, CD95+; increase in IFN-y, decreased IL-4; largely reduced the level of total IgE than other types of therapy.

Conclusion. The inclusion in therapy of patients with erythema, immunomodulator of bacterial origin and MNRI promotes increase of clinical efficiency and correlates with the correction of immunological disorders.

In this review we discuss current notions about viable but nonculturable microorganisms — new subject of microbiological research. Information about factors and conditions of formation of nonculturable cells and their resuscitation is analyzed. Of particular interest is information of biohazard of nonculturable cells that are hard to isolate by traditional means from organisms, the environment, foodstuffs etc. Knowledge about this is valuable for detection live microbes from clinical samples, levels of viable but nonculturable cells in vaccine and probiotic preparations, culture collections.

Yersinia pestis belongs to those pathogenic bacteria which produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) having the function of a toxin. In order to make a toxic effect the polymer must be separated from the cell outer membrane and presented to the immunocompetent cell receptors of the host in the functionally active form. In this review data of russian and foreign investigators on Y. pestis toxigenic properties was presented. Results of the authors' own experiments showing that Y. pestis is able to export LPS into the surrounding medium are included. This process is a natural function of the living cell, is realized at 37 degrees C and is strictly dependent on the expression of Y. pestis genes of extrachromosomal inheritance, pMT1, pCD1, pPCPl. By the use of isogenic variants of Y. pestis EV76 vaccine strain and virulent 231 strain containing different plasmid combinations, it was established that maximum contribution in the activation of «high-temperature» LPS and its transformation into extracellular form made the proteins encoded by pCD1. The significance of the «murine» toxin encoded by pMT1 plasmid was less pronounced. The participation of pPCPl plasmid in the toxic effect was not discovered. The role of Y. pestis capsular substance and the significance of biologically active factors in the realization of Y. pestis LPS toxic potential is discussed. Functional relationship between translocation of the proteins encoded by plasmids and Y. pestis toxigenicity suggests Y. pestis biological uniqueness.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) play a significant role in the development of many important fields of biology and medicine, including the detection of the dangerous infections agents. In the present review there is described the history of ELISA’s invention, further improvement of this method and application in modern biology and medicine. The special accent is made on factors influencing antibody-antigen interactions on the solid phase and their use to increase the analytical sensitivity of the method.