Vol 91, No 3 (2014)

Aim. Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus culture growth dynamics in the presence of γ-globulin metal-complexes formed with copper and zinc cations as well as cations of metals used in isolation during the first 24 hours of exposition. Materials and methods. Samples of human γ-globulin metalcomplexes with copper or zinc cations at a final concentration of 0.5 mcg/ml were introduced into S. aureus bacteria suspensions containing approximately 103 CFU/ml. Suspension at the volume of 5.0 ml was incubated at 370C for 24 hours with sampling and CFU calculation in the culture at various exposure periods. An accepted micromethod for determination of viability ofbacteria was used. Results. The protein transformed by copper cation binding realizes bacteriostatic activity in the logarithmic growth phase of S. aureus culture from 3.0 to 6.0 hours of incubation. Free copper cations inhibit bacterial reproduction at a higher degree than the metal-complex. The protein transformed by zinc cation binding realizes bacteriostatic activity at 1.5 hours of S. aureus incubation. Free zinc cations do not have bacteriostatic effect against S. aureus. Conclusion. Proteins of the γ-globulin fraction in the range of physiological concentrations forming metal-complexes with copper and zinc cations may be factors that have cytostatic effect against S. aureus bacteria. Zinc cations realize bacteriostatic activity only in γ-globulin bound state whereas copper cations - also in the free state.

Aim. Development of enzyme immunoassay detection of B and D factors of complement alternative pathway functional activity for solving diagnostic and prognostic problems of patient therapy. Study activity of these factors in blood sera of children with atopic dermatitis before and after therapy for elucidation of the role of complement alternative pathway in pathogenesis of this disease. Materials and methods. Children aged 6 months to 18 years with atopic dermatitis were examined for functional activity of B and D factors in blood sera before and after therapy by the developed methods. Results. The developed enzyme immunoassay methods for determination of functional activity of B and D complement alternative pathway showed high sensitivity and reliability. In children with atopic dermatitis factor B and D activity was significantly lower than normal before treatment. After treatment these activity increased significantly (p<0.004) and in the case of D factor - up to normal. Conclusion. The data obtained in the study indicates the presence of complement alternative pathway activation in atopic dermatitis in children and the possibility of use of factor B and D functional activity analysis for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.

Aim. Study of features of NK-cell response to the effect of recombinant IFN-α in complex with evaluation of the ability to synthesize inherent IFN-а in patients with frequently recurrent herpes simplex (FRHS). Materials and methods. 48 patients with genital (n=31), labial (n=10) and mixed localization (n=7) FRHS diagnosis were observed. 31 healthy donors composed the control group. MC were cultivated in the presence of a recombinant human IFN-α2b at the concentration of10, 100 and 1000 U/ml for 24 hours. NK-cell response to the effect of IFN-α was evaluated after 24 hours using flow cytometry by degranulation reaction and in the NK-activity test. IFN-α synthesis was evaluated in HSV-1, HSV-2 and Newcastle disease virus stimulated cell supernatants by EIA method. Results. Patients with FRHS were established to be a heterogeneous group by parameters in the IFN-α/NK-cell cytotoxicity system. 2 types of NK-cell response to the stimulation by recombinant IFN-α were identified. Type A is characterized by a decrease of NK-cell response to IFN-α in the remission phase and does not have this defect in the exacerbation phase. Synthesis of inherent IFN-α in response to viral inductors for type A was comparable with the response in healthy donors in both phases. On the contrary type B having normal sensitivity of NK-cells to IFN-α in the remission phase is characterized by a decrease of this parameter in the exacerbation phase for more than 3 times. Synthesis of inherent IFN-α in response to viral inductors during type B is increased in the remission phase and decreased in the exacerbation phase. Conclusion. During immune-correcting therapy of FRHS a personalized approach taking into account features of NK-cell response to IFN-α is necessary, because types A and B have principal differences by cytotoxicity parameters of NK-cells and their change under the effect of IFN-α, as well as by parameters of IFN-α synthesis in response to viral inductors at various phases of the clinical process.

The review of data of the literature on a role of intestinal microflora, genetic features of a macroorganism, exogenic factors and character of a food is presented at obesity and a type 2 diabetes. Researches establish, that development in experimental animals of the induced obesity and the type 2 diabetes, depends on a diet and presence of intestinal microflora. The factors increasing permeability mucous intestines, promote a translocation of intestinal automicroflora and its toxins into macroorganism and a system blood-circulation. Long introduction LPS (endotoxin) ofgram-negative bacteria to the special laboratory animals led to development of inflammatory reaction, adiposity and resistance to insulin. The specified phenomena did not develop at LPS introduction to the animals, who have lost receptor CD14 which is necessary for linkage and endotoxin action. Data about change of intestinal microflora and a role of immune infringements are discussed at obesity and the type 2 diabetes occurring into background of low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders.

The review is dedicated to an actual problem - genetic prognosis of risk of bronchial asthma development that is quite a complex aspect of studies from a methodological viewpoint. Bronchial asthma - heterogeneous disease by both etiology and clinical characteristics. At the same time genetic prognosis is based on the unity of pathogenetic mechanisms of development, though in immunological reactions that are the base of this disease, alternative variants are possible. The aim of this review is carrying out parallels between modern achievements in the field of deciphering trigger mechanisms of bronchial asthma pathogenesis and object of genetic studies based on these mechanisms. Among the examined conceptions - role of epithelial tissue in trigger mechanisms of bronchial asthma, variants of key role of immune system cells, first of all, T-helpers of various types for further development of inflammatory-effector reactions with damage characteristic for this disease. Compliance of contemporary approaches of genetic studies and novel concepts of bronchial asthma pathogenesis is shown.

Phenomenon and mechanism of non-immune binding of immunoglobulins G and A by various emm-genotypes of group A streptococcus and in particular M-family proteins - main factors of pathogenicity of this causative agent of widespread human diseases are examined. The role of these receptor proteins in pathogenesis of post-streptococcal damage of kidneys (glomerules) and heart (myocarditis) are proved. Results of long-term studies that confirm hypothesis of initiating function of Fc-receptor M proteins in genesis of immune inflammation in organ tissues that precede development of glomerulonephritis and myocarditis are provided. According to the basic position, Fc-binding of an immunoglobulin by M proteins initiates production of anti-IgG, immune complexes of various composition and complement activation, deposition of those in tissues results in lymphocyte infiltration and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Literature data on the role of Fc-binding proteins in genesis of IgA-nephropathies and rheumatoid factor is also examined. An important role of other factors of the microbe is discussed such as cross-reacting antigens, erythrogenic toxin B, system of streptokinase-plasmin receptor or endostreptosin in post-streptococcal processes in kidneys. Their participation in the process must be mediated by an inflammation reaction in the tissue that is initiated by interaction of immunoglobulins with Fc-binding proteins of the microbe. A novel approach to understanding the nature of this pathology allowed to establish the ability of Fc-fragments of immunoglobulin G to suppress the development of the process.

One of the actual problems of contemporary healthcare are healthcare associated infections (HAI). An important aspect of study of HAI problem is the study of evolution of hospital strains causing HAI. The knowledge accumulated to date in the field of bacteria genetics gives evidence on the significant role of phages in the mechanism of virulence obtaining by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. The studies of the authors of this article show that bacteriophages may play a significant role in the formation of virulent properties in hospital conditions that in different hospitals with participation of phages form virulent and antibiotic resistant hospital strains of HAI causative agents. At the same time bacteriophages are effective means for HAI therapy and prophylaxis. Under the condition of mass and irrational use of antibiotics, HAI causative agents form multiple resistance to the existing antibacterial preparations. In this regard bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents become especially actual. To date in Russian and foreign literature considerable material has been accumulated that shows high effectiveness of bacteriophages under the conditions of rational use. The aim of this review is to evaluate contemporary achievements in the field of study of bacteriophage role in evolution of hospital strains and therapy and prophylaxis of healthcare associated infections.

Acceptable means of therapy and prophylaxis for most of the especially dangerous viral hemorrhagic fevers to present date are lacking. Analysis of the state of this problem shows that creation of a new generation of etiotropic preparations requires selection of additional targets for their effect that may be based on the use of molecular-biological features of pathogenesis of these infections. Literature data analysis has shown that during filovirus infection non-structural and structural proteins of the causative agents serve as pathogens during direct damaging effect of the virus and secondary immune reactions that in general pervert cell and humoral components of immunity converting its destructive effect on cells and tissues of the macro organism. Selection of promising approaches of antiviral therapy is possible based on molecular-biological analysis of interaction of micro- and macro organism with isolation of the most vulnerable for the effect of causative agent aggression factors.