Vol 95, No 6 (2018)

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM OF IMMUNIZATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AT THE PRESENT STAGE: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, PROSPECTS

Popova A.Y., Ezhlova E.B., Melnikova A.A., Mikheeva I.V.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):3-10
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HIV PREVALENCE AMONG VULNERABLE GROUPS IN RUSSIA - RESULTS OF AN INTEGRATED BIO-BEHAVIORAL SURVEY

Plavinskiy S.L., Ladnaya N.N., Zaytseva E.E., Barinova A.N.

Abstract

Aim. Of the study is to assess HIV prevalence in the vulnerable groups namely injecting drug users (IDU), sex workers (SW), and men who have sex with men (MSM) in some of the largest Russian regiоnal capitals mostly affected by HIV infection. Materials and methods. The study involved 3744 persons from vulnerable groups enrolled by respondent-driven sampling (RDS) or time-location sampling (TLS). The study was undertaken in seven regions of the Russian Federation: Moscow, St.-Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk and Perm. All participants were interviewed using specially designed questionnaire and then tested for HIV. The retrospective cohort method was applied to evaluate the number of new HIV cases among respondents. Results. HIV prevalence in IDUs ranged from 48.10% [95% confidence interval (CI)=42.20.54.10%] in Krasnoyarsk and 75.20% [95%CI=69.90.80.60%] in Kemerovo. HIV prevalence among sex workers varied from 2.32% [95%CI=0.49.4.17%] in St. Petersburg to 15.01% [95%CI=11.46.18.56%] in Perm. HIV prevalence among MSM ranged from 7.10% [95%CI=4.10.10.10%] in Moscow to 22.80% [95%CI=17.90.27.70%] in St.-Petersburg. Conclusion. The number of new HIV infections estimated by the retrospective cohort method indicated rapid spread of HIV infection among IDUs in all cities except St.-Petersburg, relatively high HIV growth rates among MSM ranging from 1.6% per year [95%CI=0.1... 3.1%] to 4.6% per year [95%CI=0.0... 11%] and 12.3% annual HIV growth rate [95%CI=0.0... 28.3%] among sex workers. Generally, the situation in the studied groups remained adverse and called for more intensive prevention activities in vulnerable populations.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):10-18
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WAYS TO ELIMINATION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV

Kozyrina N.V., Ladnaya N.N., Narsia R.S.

Abstract

Aim. The article addresses the progress in elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in the Russian Federation. The authors reviewed the available data on the current situation and identified opportunities to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Materials and methods. The basic HIV statistics for 2017 from the federal public health watchdog Rospotrebnadzor and the Russia's ministry of health were analysed. The findings included several important aspects. Results. In 2017, women constituted a substantial proportion of population living with HIV, both among all cases and among new HIV infections (37%-38%). The number of new HIV cases among women was growing every year and by 2017 increased 62% compared to 2010. In 28 regions of the Russian Federation, more than 1% of pregnant women were HIV positive. Across the whole monitoring period (from 1987), 177,663 pregnancies complicated by HIV infection and ended in delivery were registered in Russia by the end of 2017, including 14,969 such pregnancies in 2017 alone. In 2017, 91.0% of pregnant women living with HIV took ART during pregnancy, 94.7% received it in labour. 98.7% of new-borns were given antiretroviral therapy as prevention. However, a three-stage chemoprophylaxis was provided to only 89.1% of mother-child pairs. It was revealed that 1,635 motherchild pairs (10.9%) missed at least one of prevention stages. The main reason for incomplete prevention was the late diagnosis of HIV infection in mothers. The viral load before delivery was not suppressed in 25.8% of HIV-positive pregnant women whose pregnancies were completed in 2017 (2,527 women were tested for viral load and 1,342 did not take antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy). 708 children born to HIV-positive mothers were diagnosed HIV positive in 2017 of whom, however, only 235 were born that year. Calculations showed that in 2017 the risk of vertical HIV transmission amounted to 2.3%, which were 348 new-born babies. A significant number of children (35,579 born in different years) did not undergo a final HIV test. 3.9% of all HIV-infected children born to HIV-positive women had contracted HIV through breastfeeding. There was also a trend towards increasing the number of HIV transmissions this way. The article reveals that in the cohort of children born women, the death rate is higher. So in 2017 mortality among infants born to HIV-positive mothers was 1.5 times higher, while perinatal mortality was twice as high as in the general population. Conclusion. The study showed that in order to improve the situation concerning vertical transmission of HIV, it is necessary to solve a number of tasks related to low threshold programmes aimed at access to surveillance, treatment and retention in care for women, especially those of at-risk of HIV. The ways to achieve the goal are early infant HIV diagnosis in first two months of new-borns' life, urgent final laboratory examination of older children exposed to HIV at birth, determination and elimination of factors leading to increased infant mortality, breast-feeding counselling, as well as improvements in statistical methods.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):18-25
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CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN PATIENTS BELONGING TO ETHNIC GROUPS OF CAUCASIANS AND ASIANS OF NORTH-EAST ASIA

Yuschuk N.D., Malov I.V., Baatarkhuu O..., Savilov E.D., Malov S.I., Rasulov R.I., Dvornichenko V.V., Lkhagva-Ochir T..., Amarsanaa J..., Decaens T..., Marche P.N.

Abstract

Aim. The current study is aimed at determining differences of epidemiological and clinical profiles associated with HCC in patients belonging to ethnic groups of Asians from Mongolia and Caucasians from Asian region of Russia. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the cross-border regions of Mongolia and Asian part of Russia (Irkutsk region). 300 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the Caucasian and Mongolian races were enrolled in the study. The level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the serum was determined by the chemiluminescence technique. Results. The long-term dynamics of the HCC incidence shows more unfavourable trends in the territory of Mongolia compared to Irkutsk region. In both groups, male patients over 60 years of age predominated. Patients from Mongolia often have a history of jaundice and alcohol abuse. Out of the etiological factors, HCC is more often associated with the hepatitis B virus in Mongolia than in the Asian part of Russia. At the same time, in Caucasians, HCC develops primarily on the background of liver cirrhosis. In patients with HCC, AFP level higher than 20 ng / ml were significantly more frequent in the ethnic group of Caucasoids than in Mongoloids. Conclusions. Mongolia in terms of the incidence of HCC belongs to the hyperendemic regions of the world. In this country, among the risk factors for the development of the disease, hepatitis B virus plays a major role, which significantly differs from the Asian part of Russia. For the purpose of early diagnosis of HCC, it is necessary to search for new molecular markers or their combinations due to the insufficient diagnostic efficiency of AFP determination.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):25-31
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PRECLINICAL STUDIES OF RECOMBINANT PSEUDOMONAS VACCINE

Mihailova N.A., Kaloshin A.A., Zimina E.M., Soldatenkova A.V., Poddubikov A.V.

Abstract

Aim. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the three experimental lots of Recombinant Pseudomonas Vaccine. Materials and methods. The preparation contained the recombinant proteins OprF and toxoid that were purified by chromatography in nickel-sepharose. Aluminum hydroxide was used as an adjuvant. The authenticity of the vaccine components was confirmed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The concentration of endotoxin in the vaccine was determined by LAL test. The abnormal toxicity was evaluated in mice and cavy. The anaphylactic activity was evaluated in cavy. The delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction was evaluated in mice. Evaluation of the immunogenicity was carried out in an experiment with on double immunization of mice with following intraperitoneally infection by a live virulent culture of P. aeruginosa (PA-103 strain). Results. The authenticity of the vaccine, sterility, non-pyrogenicity and non-toxicity were confirmed after the studying of the quality indicators of the three lots of Recombinant Pseudomonas Vaccine. In animal experiments, the vaccine did not possess allergic properties and it was shown that it protected mice against Pseudomonas infection with Index of efficiency 3.0 and more. Conclusion. The efficacy, the safety, and the standardization of three experimental lots of the recombinant vaccine, which is intended to prevent infections caused by P. aeruginosa, have been shown.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):31-37
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MLVA-TYPING OF CLINICAL STAMPS OF GENETICALLY CHANGED VIBRIO CHOLERAE BIOTYPE EL TOR INSULATED IN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE IN THE PERIOD OF SEVENTH PANDEMIC CHOLERA

Savelieva I.V., Kulichenko A.N., Saveliev V.N., Kovalev D.A., Vasilieva O.V., Zhirov A.M., Eremenko E.I., Podoprigora E.I., Babenyshev B.V., Kuznetsova I.V., Guseva L.V.

Abstract

Aim. Conduct in a comparative aspect MLVA-typing of genetically altered cholera vibrio biovar El Tor, isolated from patients during the epidemic (1994) and outbreaks (1993, 1998) in Dagestan with isolates in Mariupol (Ukraine) in 1994-2011 in Moscow (2010, 2012), India (1964, 2006, 2007), Bangladesh 1991, 1994, 2001, 2004) and to establish Phylogenetic connections between strains of cholera vibrios isolated in different years in these territories, to ascertain the source of their drift. Materials and methods. MLVA-tyP-ing was carried out in PCR at 5 variable loci of 35 clinical strains of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor. The obtained amPlicon was studied in the system of automatic caPillary electroPhoresis ExPerion («Bio Rad Laboratories», USA). For Phylogenetic analysis, along with MLVA-genotyPes, 35 strains of Vibrio cholerae from the Institute's collection used Published genotyPes of strains isolated in India, Bangladesh, Haiti. Results. The investigated strains of cholera vibrio are referred to 21 MLVA-tyPes, divided into 2 main clades and 1 seParate branch with clonal clusters and subclusters, each of which contains closely related strains of cholera vibrio genovariants having a different degree of Phylogenetic relationshiP - full or Partial identity of allelic Profiles of five variable loci. The sources of drift of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor to Russia and Ukraine from disadvantaged cholera of India, Bangladesh, Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East have been established. Conclusion. The obtained data testify to the PolymorPhism of MLVA-tyPes of genetically altered strains of cholera vibrio of the biologist El Tor, evolved in different years and caused ePidemics or outbreaks of cholera in different territories during different time Periods of the course of the seventh cholera Pandemic, and also suggest the Polyclonal origin of the Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor and the source of their drift to the territory of the Russian Federation and Ukraine.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):37-43
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EXPERIENCE OF INVESTIGATION OF A LARGE OUTBREAK OF A TULAREMIA AMONG THE POPULATION OF KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK REGION IN 2013

Ostapenko N.A., Kozlova I.I., Solovieva M.G., Stepanova T.F., Mefodiev V.V.

Abstract

Aim. The experience of investigating a major outbreak of tularemia among the population of Khanty-Mansiysk and Khanty-Mansiysk Region in 2013. Materials and methods. The materials of epidemiological monitoring of activity of foci of tularemia in KhMAO for a long period of time, the results of laboratory studies of biological materials and environmental objects on infection with tularemia pathogen during investigation of the outbreak in 2013 are analyzed. Results. The causes and features of the outbreak development, anti-epidemic and preventive measures were analyzed. An algorithm for investigating tularemia outbreaks has been developed and the effectiveness of preventive and antiepidemic measures for their elimination in a strained natural focus has been shown. Conclusion. Monitoring of natural foci of tularemia confirms the continued preservation of their activity and viability. The transmissive nature of outbreaks causes their scale and intensity, the need for permanent disinsection and deratization measures. The invasion of rodents into populated areas can be considered a predictive sign of the deterioration of the epidemiological situation and the onset of outbreak, which allows taking anti-epidemic measures in advance. Systemic interdepartmental interaction (health care, executive authorities) is needed to strengthen attention to prevention and build up a cautious attitude towards the problem of tularemia.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):44-48
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EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES OF CLUSTERED MORBIDITY CAUSED BY ENTEROVIRAL INFECTIONS IN THE URAL FEDERAL DISTRICT AND WESTERN SIBERIA IN 2017

Alimov A.V., Rezaikin A.V., Burtseva Y.Y., Usoltseva P.S., Sharabrin S.V.

Abstract

Aim. Delineation of epidemiologic features of clustered morbidity caused by enteroviral infections (EVI) in the Ural Federal District (UFD) and West Siberia in 2017. Materials and methods. Retrospective epidemiologic analysis of clustered EVI morbidity was performed with the data obtained from the standardized Federal statistical observation reports and the data provided by the regional Departments of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor). Detection and identification of enteroviruses was carried out by molecular genetic methods. Results. Totally 51 focus of clustered EVI was registered. The incidence density and time course of outbreaks closely correlated with the general EVI incidence level (r = 0.65; p < 0.05) and seasonal variations (r = 0.80; p < 0.05) at the given territory. Droplet nuclei transmission was considered the main route of infection in 68.2% of cases, in 22.0% - as an accessory route, and in 14.6% - as an obligate route. Contact transmission via fomites was reported as an obligate route in 9.8% of outbreaks. In the etiological structure, the proportion of Enterovirus A species was 51.4% (Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) - 43.2%), Enterovirus B species - 70.3% (Echovirus 30 (E30) - 48.6%). Conclusion. In 2017 the clustered morbidity caused by EVI in the UFD and Western Siberia involved mainly children under 6 years of age from preschool institutions, where outbreaks of low incidence density with short duration were observed. Two genotypes of enteroviruses (E30 and CV-A6) were prevalent in the etiological structure of the outbreaks, therefore determining predominant clinical forms of EVI: aseptic meningitis or hand, foot, and mouth disease.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):49-55
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MOLECULAR-GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PARVOVIRUS B19 ISOLATES CIRCULATING IN THE NORTH-WESTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT

Khamitova I.V., Ostankova Y.V., Antipova A.Y., Semenov A.V., Lavrentieva I.N.

Abstract

Aim. Genotyping and molecular genetic characteristics of parvovirus B19, circulating in the NorthWest Federal District. Material and Methods. The material of the study is based on serum samples from 821 patients with maculopapular rash negative for antibodies IgM-measles and IgM-rubella were received at the St. Petersburg Regional Center for Measles and Rubella Surveillance in 2009-2017. In the present study we used genotyping by direct sequencing of the NS1/VP1 region of Parvovirus B19 genome. Results. DNA of the virus was detected in 59 (42.4%) of seropositive patients. To assess the heterogeneity of isolates, 14 samples were selected from patients from geographically remote regions of the NWFO, of different ages, regardless of gender, with a high viral load (106-107 copies/ml). Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the isolates showed that only the genotype 1A was detected in all isolates. The nucleotide sequences can be divided into two subgroups: 13 isolates (92.8%) belong to the subgroup 1A2, one isolate to the subgroup 1A1. Conclusion. The introduction of B19 screening from patients with fever / rash can provide meaningful information on the prevalence of parvovirus infection in the Russian Federation. Identifying new mutations of the virus and further analysis of their possible relationships with the course of the mutation disease can help in the development of medicines, as well as in the development of an effective vaccine against the parvovirus B19.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):55-61
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EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF A NEW APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE EPIDEMIC PROCESS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF PREVENTION OF PARASITARY DISEASES

Stepanova T.F.

Abstract

Aim. Evaluate the effectiveness of the developed new approach to the analysis of the activity of the epidemic process and the effectiveness of the prevention of parasitic diseases, based on a multi-level monitoring system. Materials and methods. The data of official statistical observation for 2010-2016 are analyzed for all subjects of the Russian Federation. To search for the regularities in large volumes of data, Data Mining is used. Results. The analysis made it possible to characterize the activity of the epidemic process of parasitic diseases in the territory of Russia. Application of methods of mathematical modeling allowed to form a prognosis of morbidity/affection by the results of sanitary-parasitological studies. The regions in which the inadequate quality of sanitary-parasitological studies led to discrepancies between actual and predicted lesions were identified. Conclusion. The conducted study made it possible to establish that the developed approach is effective for assessing the activity of the epidemic process and the effectiveness of preventing parasitic diseases, structuring statistical information by regions and nosologies, identifying trends in morbidity, and developing regional prevention programs.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):61-65
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STUDY OF THE MASS-SPECTORS’ FEATURES OF SPORES AND VEGETATIVE FORMS OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS BY THE METHOD OF TIME OF FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY

Ulshina D.V., Eremenko E.I., Kovalev D.A., Ryazanova A.G., Kuznetsova I.V., Aksenova L.Y., Semenova O.V., Bobrysheva O.V., Siritsa Y.V., Kulichenko A.N.

Abstract

Aim. Investigation of the features of the protein profiles of the spore and vegetative form of the anthrax microbe by the MALDI-TOF MS method using the resources of the Mass-Up program and the package for the statistical software with open source code R. Materials and methods. Spores and vegetative forms of 32 strains of B. anthracis from the collection of microorganisms of the Stavropol Research Institute for Plague Control, including 8 strains isolated from an outbreak of anthrax in Yamal in 2016. Protein profiling was carried out on the Microflex MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer «Bruker Daltonics». Results. The alternative bioinformational-statistical approach used to analyze the MALDI-TOF mass spectra of the causative agent of anthrax made it possible to differentiate the spores and vegetative forms of the microbe based on the identification of the corresponding groups of biomarkers. Conclusion. A comparison of vegetative and spore cells of typical and atypical strains of anthrax causative agent on the basis of MALDI-TOF MS data was made. It has been experimentally confirmed that the protein profiles of cultures of Bacillus anthracis of the spore and vegetative form differ significantly, and this difference can be used to search for potential markers of each of the forms.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):66-72
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SITUATION ON LARVAL HELMINTHOSIS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA AND OPTIMIZATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE FOR THEM

Tverdokhlebova T.I., Dumbadze O.S., Ermakova L.A., Kovalev E.V., Aleshukina A.V., Nagorny S.A., Bolatchiev K.K., Hutoryanina I.V.

Abstract

The article presents the results of the investigations of Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology of Rospotrebnadzor which are directed towards the optimization of epidemiological surveillance of the larval helminthes infestations which are actual for the South of Russia: echinococcosis, trichinosis, dirofilariosis and toxocariasis. The implementation of the improved system of epidemiological surveillance of trichinosis has led to the absence of this disease cases among the population of the South and North-Caucasian federal districts in 2017. The optimization of preventive measures allowed to reduce the echinococcosis morbidity of the population in 2017 in the most unfavourable for echinococcosis region - Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia - twice compared to 2009. The results of sanitary-parasitological investigations - the most important part of epidemiological surveillance - indicate the potential risk of the population's infestation with parasitic pathogens through the objects of the environment in the South of Russia. The work of the researchers of the Institute together with the organizations of Rospotrebnadzor and other departments on the improvement of epidemiological surveillance resulted in the development of 12 standard and methodical and informative and methodical documents for the period of 2013-2018.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):72-80
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CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT: CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM

Dragomeretskaya A.G., Trotsenko O.E., Bebenina L.A., Kurganova O.P., Ignateva M.E., Zaitseva T.A., Kopylov P.V., Maslov D.V., Zhdanova N.I., Rubtsova A.A., Funtusova O.A., Fedelesh I.Y.

Abstract

Aim. To analyze current epidemiological and epizootological situation on cystic (hydatidiform) echinococcosis in constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. Data of the administrations of the Federal service for surveillance on consumers rights protection and human wellbeing as well as data of the FBIH «Center of hygiene and epidemiology» located in different constituent territories of the FEFD during 2013-2017 was used. A review of scientific papers concerning the topic of the current article was performed. Results. Mainly sporadic cases of the disease were registered in 7 out of 9 constituent entities of the FEFD during the 2013-2017. The Jewish Autonomous district and Kamchatka region were free of the echinococcosis during the 5-year observation period. Echinococcosis cases were registered annually in the Chukotka Autonomous district, Republic Sakha (Yakutia) and Primorsky region. Herewith, the incidence rates in Chukotka Autonomous district and Republic Sakha (Yakutia) notably exceeded the national average. No fatal outcomes due to cystic echinococcosis in the FEFD were registered. Conclusion. Implementation of immunoepidemiological surveillance of the population of different age groups and professions is recommended on the constituent entities with registered cases of cystic echinococcosis.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):80-85
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ORGANIZATION OF PREVENTIVE, ANTI-EPIDEMIC ACTIONS TO DECREASE RISKS OF EPIDEMIC SITUATION COMPLICATIONS FOR PLAGUE IN REPUBLIC ALTAI

Balakhonov S.V., Schuchinov L.V., Mischenko A.I., Matrosov A.N., Denisov A.V., Rozhdestvensky E.N., Korzun V.M., Kosilko S.A., Tagyzova S.L., Toporkov V.P., Popov N.V., Scherbakova S.A., Kutyrev V.V.

Abstract

Aim - аnalysis and evaluation of efficiency of anti-epidemic, preventive actions for decrease of plague infection risk for the population and prevention of this illness export outside the Republic Altai limits. Analysis was performed by the data of practical and research Establishments of Rospotrebnadzor. Due to occurrence of three epidemic plague foci in local population in Gorno-Altai natural focus where the infection source was an Altai marmot, the complex of organizational, anti-epidemic, preventive actions was performed for its localization and liquidation and also minimization of risk of anthropogenous plague distribution in Republic Altai and its exportation from the endemic region. Interaction of the Services and Departments in realization of organizational, anti-epidemic, preventive actions in Kosh-Agach district created the necessary conditions for localization, liquidation of the epidemic plague foci in the shortest terms, prevented the illness distribution by the anthropogenous way and its exportation outside the limits of the enzootic territory.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):85-94
pages 85-94 views

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND MODERN EVOLUTION OF GLOBALLY SPREADING ARBOVIRUSES

Zhukov K.V., Toporkov A.V., Viktorov D.V.

Abstract

More than 100 species of arboviruses can cause diseases in humans. Arbovirus infections attract attention of medical specialist around the world due to their wide distribution, diversity and severity of the clinical course. The number of new arboviruses, which are pathogenic for humans and animals, is constantly increasing. In the last 30 years arbovirus infectious diseases have become a significant threat to public health. There are many large-scale outbreaks in various regions of the world every year. This article examines the current epidemic status, the main factors contributing to the expansion of areas with epidemic manifestations and the risks associated with the spread of a arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes, such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika and the West Nile.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):94-102
pages 94-102 views

MELIOIDOSIS AND GLANDERS: CURRENT STATE AND ACTUAL ISSUES OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE

Zakharova I.B., Toporkov A.V., Viktorov D.V.

Abstract

Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are etiologic agents of glanders and melioidosis, the particularly dangerous infections of animals and humans, and are attributed to potential agents of bioterrorism. The manifestation of diseases ranges from acute septicemia to chronic infection, any organs and tissues are affected, andtreatment requires long intravenous and oral antibiotic courses. The endemic zone of glanders and melioidosis covers spacious regions in the world, and the number of imported cases to temperate regions is constantly increasing. For the Russian Federation, glanders and melioidosis are «forgotten» and «unknown» infections, and this review presents current data on their distribution in the world, epidemiological aspects, and laboratory diagnosis features.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):103-109
pages 103-109 views

INVESTIGATION OF PREBIOTIC, IMMUNOSTIMULATING PROPERTIES OF FUCOSE AND ITS EFFECT ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION

Anokhina E.P., Isuva M.M., Startseva S.V., Motina E.A., Mihailova N.A., Korneeva O.S.

Abstract

Aim. Investigation of the effect of fucose in the diet on the gastrointestinal microflora of experimental animals with experimental dysbiosis, the humoral factors of nonspecific immunity, as well as the degree of fucosylation of oocytes and the proportion of oocytes that can be fertilized. Materials and methods. Prebiotic properties of fucose were studied by analyzing the luminal microflora of experimental mice against the background of experimental dysbiosis. Investigation of factors of nonspecific immunity was carried out after immunization of mice according to the level of antibody formation in blood serum by the method of enzyme immunoassay. The degree of fucosylation of oocytes was assessed by the intensity of their luminescence upon microscopy of oocytes of experimental mice on a fluorescent microscope. Results. The use of fucose in all tested doses led to the restoration of the composition and quantity of the gastrointestinal microflora. For the correction of dysbiosis, the optimal concentration of fucose was 0.02% of the body weight of the experimental animals. Inclusion of fucose in a diet of experimental animals in the amount of 0.008% to the body weight provided the highest level of immune response. The degree of fucosylation of oocytes, the proportion of oocytes capable of fertilization was increased when fucose were introduced in the amount of 0.008% to the body weight of the mice. Conclusion. Bifidogenic and lactogenic activity of fucose is established. The ability of fucose to stimulate an increase in the level of antibodies in in blood serum is shown. The tendency of positive effect of fucose in the diet of mice on the degree of fucosylation of oocytes was revealed.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):110-114
pages 110-114 views

RECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES IN ANTI-VIRAL THERAPY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES

Oksanich A.S., Nikonova A.A., Zverev V.V.

Abstract

More than 60 recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed for the treatment of various diseases in the last 20 years. About 30 antibody preparations are approved for use in therapy, including large group of drugs against cancer. In addition, mAbs are used in transplantation, for the treatment of cardiovascular, autoimmune and, in rare cases, infectious diseases. Despite the fact that tens millions of people die every year from viral diseases, only one drug based on recombinant antibodies for the prevention of RSV in children is currently allowed. This review focuses on approaches to generate therapeutic mAbs to fight viral infection, examples of mAb therapies for viral infections, and the challenges of developing such therapies.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):114-123
pages 114-123 views

CHRONICLE

pages 124-126 views

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

CONTENTS

Article E.
Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2018;95(6):127-128
pages 127-128 views


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