EPIDEMIOLOGIChESKAYa I EKONOMIChESKAYa EFFEKTIVNOST' ZAKRYTIYa ShKOL PRI EPIDEMIYaKh I PANDEMIYaKh GRIPPA


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Epidemiologic and economic effectiveness of school closure during influenza epidemics and
pandemics is discussed. Optimal effect of school closure is observed when this measure is taken at
the start of the epidemic or pandemic and for a sufficiently long time. School closure during high
morbidity among schoolchildren, in the middle (at the peak) and by the end of epidemic or pandemic
does not influence significantly the spread of influenza or morbidity. Significant economic
losses and other negative consequences of school closure are noted. School closure may be the
most appropriate during the emergence of influenza pandemic when the pandemic vaccine is not
yet available, however timely mass immunization of schoolchildren against influenza may be a
more appropriate measure than school closure for the reduction of influenza morbidity and spread
during seasonal influenza epidemics.

About the authors

Yu Z Gendon

Yu M Vasil'ev

References

  1. Гендон Ю.З. Массовая вакцинопрофилактика гриппа у детей как главный фактор борьбы с эпидемиями гриппа. Журн. микробиол. 2007, 4: 78-85.
  2. Приказ Минздравсоцразвития России от 31 января 2011 г. N51н «Об утверждении национального календаря профилактических прививок и календаря профилактических прививок по эпидемическим показаниям».
  3. Armstrong C., Hopkins R. An epidemiological study of the 1920 epidemic of influenza in an isolated rural community. Public Health Rep. 1921, 36: 1671-1702.
  4. Borse R., Behravesh C., Dumanovsky T. et al. Closing schools in response to the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus in New York City: economic impact on households. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2011, 52 (Suppl. 1): S168-172.
  5. Brown S., Tai J., Bailey R. et al. Would school closure for the 2009 H1N1 influenza epidemic have been worth the cost?: a computational simulation of Pennsylvania. BMC Public Health. 2011, 11: 353.
  6. Carrat F., Luong J., Lao H. et al. A 'small-worldlike' model for comparing interventions aimed at preventing and controlling influenza pandemics. BMC Med. 2006, 4: 26.
  7. Cauchemez S., Bhattarai A., Marchbanks T. et al. Role of social networks in shaping disease transmission during a community outbreak of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2011, 108: 2825-2830.
  8. Cauchemez S., Valleron A., Boelle P. et al. Estimating the impact of school closure on influenza transmission from Sentinel data. Nature. 2008, 452: 750-754.
  9. C. Parental attitudes and experiences during school dismissals related to 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) - United States, 2009. Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 2010, 59: 1131-1134.
  10. Chen W., Huang A., Chuang J. et al. Social and economic impact of school closure resulting from pandemic influenza A/H1N1. J. Infect. 2011, 62: 200-203.
  11. Chowell G., Echevarria-Zuno S., Viboud C. et al. Characterizing the Epidemiology of the 2009 Influenza A/H1N1 Pandemic in Mexico. PLoS Med. 2011, 8: e1000436.
  12. Cowling B., Lau E., Lam C. et al. Effects of school closures, 2008 winter influenza season, Hong Kong. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2008, 14: 1660-1662.
  13. Dalton C., Durrheim D., Conroy M. Likely impact of school and childcare closures on public health workforce during an influenza pandemic: a survey. Commun. Dis. Intell. 2008, 32: 261-262.
  14. Effler P., Carcione D., Giele C. et al. Household responses to pandemic (H1N1) 2009-related school closures, Perth, Western Australia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2010, 16: 205-211.
  15. Ferguson N., Cummings D., Fraser C. et al. Strategies for mitigating an influenza pandemic. Nature. 2006, 442: 448-452.
  16. Fox J., Cooney M., Hall C. et al. Influenzavirus infections in Seattle families, 1975-1979. II. Pattern of infection in invaded households and relation of age and prior antibody to occurrence of infection and related illness. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1982, 116: 228-242.
  17. Frank A., Taber L., Wells C. et al. Patterns of shedding of myxoviruses and paramyxoviruses in children. J. Infect. Dis. 1981, 144: 433-441.
  18. Frank A., Taber L., Wells J. Comparison of infection rates and severity of illness for influenza A subtypes H1N1 and H3N2. J. Infect. Dis. 1985, 151: 73-80.
  19. Gift T., Palekar R., Sodha S. et al. Household effects of school closure during pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Pennsylvania, USA. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2010, 16: 1315-1317.
  20. Glass R., Glass L., Beyeler W. et al. Targeted social distancing design for pandemic influenza. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2006, 12: 1671-1681.
  21. Glezen W., Couch R. Interpandemic influenza in the Houston area, 1974-76. N. Engl. J. Med. 1978, 298: 587-592.
  22. Gojovic M., Sander B., Fisman D. et al. Modelling mitigation strategies for pandemic (H1N1) 2009. CMAJ. 2009, 181: 673-680.
  23. Halder N., Kelso J., Milne G. Analysis of the effectiveness of interventions used during the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic. BMC Public Health. 2010, 10: 168.
  24. Halder N., Kelso J., Milne G. Developing guidelines for school closure interventions to be used during a future influenza pandemic. BMC Infect. Dis. 2010, 10: 221.
  25. Hall C., Douglas R., Geiman J. et al. Viral shedding patterns of children with influenza B infection. J. Infect. Dis. 1979, 140: 610-613.
  26. Hatchett R., Mecher C., Lipsitch M. Public health interventions and epidemic intensity during the 1918 influenza pandemic. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2007, 104: 7582-7587.
  27. Hens N., Ayele G., Goeyvaerts N. et al. Estimating the impact of school closure on social mixing behaviour and the transmission of close contact infections in eight European countries. BMC Infect. Dis. 2009, 9: 187.
  28. Heymann A., Chodick G., Reichman B. et al. Influence of school closure on the incidence of viral respiratory diseases among children and on health care utilization. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2004, 23: 675-677.
  29. Heymann A., Hoch I. Valinsky L. et al. School closure may be effective in reducing transmission of respiratory viruses in the community. Epidemiol. Infect. 2009, 137: 1369-1376.
  30. Jackson C., Mangtani P., Vynnycky E. et al. School closures and student contact patterns. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2011, 17: 245-247.
  31. Jarquin V., Callahan D., Cohen N. et al. Effect of School Closure from Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2011, 17:751-753.
  32. Johnson A., Moore Z., Edelson P. et al. Household responses to school closure resulting from outbreak of influenza B, North Carolina. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2008, 14: 1024-1030.
  33. Kar-Purkayastha I., Ingram C., Maguire H. et al. The importance of school and social activities in the transmission of influenza A(H1N1)v: England, April-June 2009. Euro Surveill. 2009, 14: 19311.
  34. Kawaguchi R., Miyazono M., Noda T. et al. Influenza (H1N1) 2009 outbreak and school closure, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2009, 15: 1685.
  35. Keogh-Brown M., Smith R., Edmunds J. et al. The macroeconomic impact of pandemic influenza: estimates from models of the United Kingdom, France, Belgium and The Netherlands. Eur. J. Health. Econ. 2010, 11: 543-554.
  36. Koonin L., Cetron M. School closure to reduce influenza transmission. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2009, 15: 137-138.
  37. Lee B., Brown S., Cooley P. et al. Simulating school closure strategies to mitigate an influenza epidemic. J. Public. Health. Manag. Pract. 2010, 16: 252-261.
  38. Lempel H., Epstein J., Hammond R. Economic cost and health care workforce effects of school closures in the U.S. PLoS Curr. 2009, 1: RRN1051.
  39. Marchbanks T., Bhattarai A., Fagan R. et al. An outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in an elementary school in Pennsylvania. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2011, 52 Suppl 1: S154-160.
  40. Markel H., Lipman H., Navarro J. et al. Nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented by US cities during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic. JAMA. 2007, 298: 644-654.
  41. Mikolajczyk R., Akmatov M., Rastin S. et al. Social contacts of school children and the transmission of respiratory-spread pathogens. Epidemiol. Infect. 2008, 136: 813-822.
  42. Miller J., Danon L., O'Hagan J. et al. Student behavior during a school closure caused by pandemic influenza A/H1N1. PLoS One. 2010, 5: e10425.
  43. Rodriguez C., Rietberg K., Baer A. et al. Association between school closure and subsequent absenteeism during a seasonal influenza epidemic. Epidemiology. 2009, 20: 787-792.
  44. Sadique M., Adams E., Edmunds W. Estimating the costs of school closure for mitigating an influenza pandemic. BMC Public Health. 2008, 8: 135.
  45. Sypsa V., Hatzakis A. School closure is currently the main strategy to mitigate influenza A(H1N1)v: a modeling study. Euro Surveill. 2009, 14: 19240.
  46. Vynnycky E., Edmunds W. Analyses of the 1957 (Asian) influenza pandemic in the United Kingdom and the impact of school closures. Epidemiol. Infect. 2008, 136: 166-179.
  47. Wheeler C., Erhart L., Jehn M. Effect of school closure on the incidence of influenza among school-age children in Arizona. Public Health Rep. 2010, 125: 851-859.
  48. WHO. Influenza vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epid. Rec. 2005, 80: 279-287.
  49. Wu J., Cowling B., Lau E. et al. School closure and mitigation of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Hong Kong. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2010, 16: 538-541.
  50. Zhang T., Fu X., Kwoh C. et al. Temporal factors in school closure policy for mitigating the spread of influenza. Public Health Policy. 2011, 32: 180-197.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2012 Gendon Y.Z., Vasil'ev Y.M.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: ПИ № ФС77-75442 от 01.04.2019 г.


This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies