INTESTINAL-BRAIN AXIS. NEURONAL AND IMMUNE-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS OF BRAIN AND INTESTINE PATHOLOGY


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Abstract

Mutually directed connections between intestine and brain are implemented by endocrine, neural and immune systems and nonspecific natural immunity. Intestine microflora as an active participant of intestine-brain axis not only influences intestine functions but also stimulates the development of CNS in perinatal period and interacts with higher nervous centers causing depression and cognitive disorders in pathology. A special role belongs to intestine microglia. Apart from mechanic (protective) and trophic functions for intestine neurons, glia implements neurotransmitter, immunologic, barrier and motoric functions in the intestine. An interconnection between intestine barrier function and hematoencephalic barrier regulation exists. Chronic endotoxinemia as a result of intestine barrier dysfunction forms sustained inflammation state in periventricular zones of the brain with consequent destabilization of hematoencephalic barriers and spread of inflammation to other parts of the brain resulting in neurodegradation development.

About the authors

V. M Bondarenko

Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia

E. V Ryabichenko

Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia

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Copyright (c) 2013 Bondarenko V.M., Ryabichenko E.V.

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