CHRONIC HEPATITIS B AND PROBLEM OF VIRAL PERSISTENCE FROM POSITION OF DISEASE'S IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Results of recent studies on the problem of hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence are presented in this review. Different mechanisms of development of chronic form of infection from position of its immunopathogenesis are reviewed. Data obtained in studies of genetic properties of HBV and emergence of its mutant forms as well as significance of apoptosis as a fundamental process of homeostasis, role of HLA-restricted T-cell response and cytokines for resolved and persistent form of infection caused by HBV are discussed.

Full Text

ХРОНИЧЕСКИЙ ГЕПАТИТ В И ПРОБЛЕМА ПЕРСИСТЕНЦИИ ВИРУСА С ПОЗИЦИЙ ИММУНОПАТОГЕНЕЗА ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ
×

About the authors

T. A Semenenko

Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia

References

  1. Семененко Т.А. Иммунологические показатели эффективности лечения хронического гепатита. Вирусные гепатиты. 2005, 1: 3-8.
  2. Шахгильдян И.В., Михайлов М.И., Онищенко Г.Г. Парентеральные вирусные гепатиты. М., ГОУ ВУНМЦ МЗ РФ, 2003.
  3. Barnes E., Ward S.M., Kasprowicz V.O. et al. Ultrasensitive class I tetramer analysis reveals previously undetectable populations of antiviral CD8+ T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2004, 34 (6):1570-1577.
  4. Baumert T.F., Barth H., Blum H.E. Genetic variants of hepatitis B virus and their clinical relevance. Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol. 2005, 51: 95-108.
  5. Baumert T.F., Thimme R., F. von Weizs cker F. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection. World J. Gastroenterol. 2007, 13 (1): 82-90.
  6. Bertoletti A., Gehring A.J. The immune response during hepatitis B virus infection. J. Gen. Virol. 2006, 87: 1439-1449.
  7. Bortolami M., Kotsafti A., Cardin R. et al. Fas/FasL system, IL-1beta expression and apoptosis in chronic HBV and HCV liver disease. J. Viral. Hepat. 2008, 15 (7):515-522.
  8. Brechot C. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: old and new paradigms. Gastroenterology. 2004, 127: S56–S61.
  9. Chang J.J, Lewin S.R. Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 2007, 85 (1): 16-23.
  10. Chichester J.A., Feitelson M.A., Calkins C.E. Transient inhibition of Th1-type cytokine production by CD4 T cells in hepatitis B core antigen immunized mice is mediated by regulatory T cells. Immunology. 2006, 118 (4): 438-448.
  11. Cooksley H., Chokshi S., Maayan Y. et al. Hepatitis B virus e antigen loss during adefovir dipivoxil therapy is associated with enhanced virus-specific CD4+ T-cell reactivity. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2008, 52 (1):312-320.
  12. Ganem D., Prince A.M. Hepatitis B virus infectionnatural history and clinical consequences. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004, 350: 1118-1129.
  13. Glebe D. Recent advances in hepatitis B virus research: A German point of view. World J. Gastroenterol. 2007,13 (1): 8-13.
  14. Glebe D., Urban S. Viral and cellular determinants involved in hepadnoviral entry. Ibid.: 22-38.
  15. Grayson J.M., Weant A.E., Holbrook B.C. et al. Role of Bim in regulating CD8+ T-cell responses during chronic viral infection. J. Virol. 2006. 80 (17): 8627- 8638.
  16. Han Y.N., Yang J.L., Zheng S.G. еt al. Relationship of human leukocyte antigen class II genes with the susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection and the response to interferon in HBV-infected patients. World J. Gastroenterol. 2005, 11 (36): 5721-5724.
  17. Hui C.K., Lau G.K. Immune system and hepatitis B virus infection. J. Clin. Virol. 2005, 34 (1): S44-48.
  18. Hwang Y.K., Kim N.K., Park J.M. et al. HLA-A2 1 restricted peptides from the HBx antigen induce specific CTL responses in vitro and in vivo. Vaccine. 2002, 20: 3770–3777.
  19. Kakimi K., Isogawa M., Chung J. et al. Immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of hepatitis B virus structural and nonstructural proteins: implications for immunotherapy of persistent viral infections. J. Virol. 2002, 76: 8609–8620.
  20. Kim K.H., Seong B.L. Pro-apoptotic function of HBV X protein is mediated by interaction with c-FLIP and enhancement of death-inducing signal. EMBO J. 2003, 22: 2104-2116.
  21. Leistner C.M., Gruen-Bernhard S., Glebe D. Role of glycosaminoglycans for binding and infection of hepatitis B virus. Cell. Microbiol. 2008, 10 (1): 122-133.
  22. Mizukoshi E., Sidney J., Livingston B. et al. Cellular immune responses to the hepatitis B virus polymerase. J. Immunol. 2004, 173: 5863–5871.
  23. Norder H., Courouce A., Coursaget P. et al. Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus strains derived worldwide: genotypes, subgenotypes and HBsAg subtypes. Intervirology. 2004, 47 (6): 289-309.
  24. Pawlotsky J.M. The concept of hepatitis B virus mutant escape. J. Clin. Virol. 2005, 34 (1): S125-S129.
  25. Peng G., Li S., Wu W. et al. Circulating CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells correlate with chronic hepatitis B infection. Immunology. 2008, 123 (1): 57-65.
  26. Rehermann B. Chronic infections with hepatotropic viruses: mechanisms of impairment of cellular immune responses. Sem. Liv. Dis. 2007, 27 (2): 152-160.
  27. Reignat S., Webster G.J., Brown D. et al. Escaping high viral load exhaustion: CD8 cells with altered tetramer binding in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J. Exp. Med. 2002, 195: 1089-1101.
  28. Ren F.Y., Jin H., Piao X.X. Ribavirin and IFN-alpha combination therapy induces CD4+ T-cell proliferation and Th1 cytokine secretion in patients with chronic hepatitis B. World J. Gastroenterol. 2007, 13 (41): 5440-5445.
  29. Rushbrook S.M., Hoare M., Alexander G.J. T-regulatory lymphocytes and chronic viral hepatitis. Expert. Opin. Biol. Ther. 2007, 7 (11): 1689-1703.
  30. Schildgen O., Sirma H., Funk A. et al. Variant of hepatitis B virus with primary resistance to adefovir. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006, 354: 1807-1812.
  31. Sprengers D., van der Molen R.G., Kusters J.G. et al. Analysis of intrahepatic HBV-specific cytotoxic T-cells during and after acute HBV infection in humans. J. Hepatol. 2006, 45: 182-189.
  32. Su F., Theodosis C.N, Schneider R.J. Role of NF-kappaB and myc proteins in apoptosis induced by hepatitis B virus HBx protein. J. Virol. 2001, 75: 215-225.
  33. Thimme R., Wieland S., Steiger C. et al. CD8(+) T cells mediate viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute hepatitis B virus infection. Ibid. 2003, 77: 68-76.
  34. Thio C.L., Thomas D.L., Karacki P. et al. Comprehensive analysis of class I and class II HLA antigens and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Ibid.: 12083– 12087.
  35. van der Molen R.G., Sprengers D., Binda R.S. et al. Functional impairment of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2004, 40: 738–746.
  36. Urbani S., Boni C., Amadei B. et al. Acute phase HBVspecific T cell responses associated with HBV persistence after HBV/HCV coinfection. Ibid. 2005, 41: 826–831.
  37. Weant A.E., Michalek R.D., Khan I.U. еt al. Apoptosis regulators Bim and Fas function concurrently to control autoimmunity and CD8+ T cell contraction. Immunity. 2008, 28 (2): 218-230.
  38. Webster G.J., Reignat S., Brown D. et al. Longitudinal analysis of CD8+ T cells specific for structural and nonstructural hepatitis B virus proteins in patients with chronic hepatitis B: implications for immunotherapy. J. Virol. 2004, 78: 5707–5719.
  39. Wieland SF, Chisari FV. Stealth and cunning: hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. Ibid. 2005, 79: 9369-9380.
  40. Xu D., Fu J., Jin L. et al. Circulating and liver resident CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells actively influence the antiviral immune response and disease progression in patients with hepatitis B. J. Immunol. 2006, 177 (1):739-747.
  41. Yang G., Liu J., Han S. et al. Association between hepatitis B virus infection and HLA-DRB1 genotyping in Shaanxi Han patients in northwestern China. Tissue Antigens. 2007, 69 (2): 170-175.
  42. You J., Sriplung H., Geater A. et al. Effect of viral load on T-lymphocyte failure in patients with chronic hepatitis B. World J. Gastroenterol. 2008, 14 (7): 1112-1119.
  43. Zhu X.L., Du T., Li J.H. еt al. Association of HLA-DQB1 gene polymorphisms with outcomes of HBV infection in Chinese Han population. Swiss. Med. Wkly. 2007, 137 (7—8): 114-120.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2009 Semenenko T.A.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: ПИ № ФС77-75442 от 01.04.2019 г.


This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies