<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">985</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-53</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en"><italic>Moraxella osloensis</italic> as a part of genital tract microbiota in infertility: incidental findings or pathology markers?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title><italic>Moraxella osloensis</italic> в микробиоте репродуктивного тракта при бесплодии: случайные находки или маркеры патологии?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-2003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Godovalov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Годовалов</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoliy P. Godovalov — PhD (Med.), leading researcher, Central scientific research laboratory, Assoc. Prof., Microbiology and virology department</p><p>Perm</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Годовалов Анатолий Петрович — к.м.н., в.н.с. ЦНИЛ, доц. каф. микробиологии и вирусологии</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><email>agodovalov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-1797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpunina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпунина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia S. Karpunina — D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Hospital therapy and cardiology department</p><p>Perm</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпунина Наталья Сергеевна — д.м.н., проф. каф. госпитальной терапии и кардиологии</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2511-4656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpunina</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпунина</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara I. Karpunina — D. Sci. (Biol.), Prof., Microbiology and virology department</p><p>Perm</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпунина Тамара Исаковна — д.б.н., проф. каф. микробиологии и вирусологии</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-03"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-03-03"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Godovalov A.P., Karpunina N.S., Karpunina T.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Годовалов А.П., Карпунина Н.С., Карпунина Т.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Godovalov A.P., Karpunina N.S., Karpunina T.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Годовалов А.П., Карпунина Н.С., Карпунина Т.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/985">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/985</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim</bold>. To assess the potential role of <italic>M. osloensis</italic> in genital microbiota of infertile males and females..<bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Samples from men’s urethra and women’s posterior vaginal fornix in barren couples of the reproductive age were examined. Cultivation was carried out using elective culture media with subsequent identification of strains by biochemical properties. A metagenomic study of <italic>16S</italic> ribosomal RNA samples was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform using the MiSeq Reagent Kits v3 kit (600-Cycle Kit).<bold>Results</bold>. Metagenomic study of samples from genital tracts of barren married couples, as well as from patients with suspected «acute genital gonococcal infection» demonstrated that all samples (100%) contained fragments of the <italic>Moraxella spp.</italic> genome, mostly in a huge amount, among which <italic>M. osloensis</italic> occupied leading positions. In women, the proportion of <italic>M. osloensis</italic> was twice as large as in men (25.3 ± 9.0 and 11.7 ± 9.3%, respectively). A high frequency of association of <italic>M. osloensis</italic> with other opportunistic pathogens, <italic>G. vaginalis</italic> and <italic>E. faecalis</italic> in particular, was established. It appears that <italic>M. osloensis</italic> can contribute to development of asymptomatic inflammatory process. Moreover, the constant presence of moraxellas in the microbiota during gonococcal infection may indicate their certain pathogenetic activity, and the synergistic nature of the relationship between <italic>M. osloensis</italic> and <italic>N. gonorrhoeae</italic>.<bold>Conclusion</bold>. We assume that it is <italic>M. osloensis</italic> that forms the consortia determining pathosymbiocenosis in the reproductive organs. In this context, we propose to consider a decrease in fertility with a steadily established symbiocenosis, including moraxella, as an indicative condition for this pathology, and <italic>M. osloensis</italic> as its marker.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель работы</bold> — анализ возможной роли <italic>Moraxella osloensis</italic> в микробиоте генитального тракта мужчин и женщин при бесплодии.<bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Проведено исследование образцов содержимого уретры мужчин и отделяемого заднего свода влагалища женщин репродуктивного возраста, состоящих в бесплодном браке. Культуральное исследование осуществляли с использованием элективных питательных сред с последующей идентификацией культур по биохимическим свойствам. Метагеномное исследование <italic>16S</italic> рибосомальной РНК образцов осуществлено на платформе «Illumina MiSeq».<bold>Результаты</bold>. При метагеномном исследовании содержимого генитального тракта мужчин и женщин, состоящих в бесплодном браке, а также пациентов с диагнозом «острая генитальная гонококковая инфекция» в 100% образцов, зачастую в значительном количестве, зарегистрированы фрагменты генома <italic>Moraxella spp.,</italic> среди которых <italic>M. osloensis</italic> занимали лидирующие позиции. У женщин доля <italic>M. osloensis</italic> была в 2 раза больше, чем у мужчин (25,3 ± 9,0 и 11,7 ± 9,3% соответственно). Показана высокая частота встречаемости ассоциаций <italic>M. osloensis</italic> с другими оппортунистическими патогенами, в частности <italic>G. vaginalis</italic> и <italic>E. faecalis</italic>. Представляется, что <italic>M. osloensis</italic> могут способствовать развитию и поддерживают бессимптомный воспалительный процесс. Более того, постоянное присутствие моракселл в микробиоте при гонококковой инфекции может указывать и на их определенную патогенетическую активность, и на синергичный характер взаимоотношений между <italic>M. osloensis</italic> и <italic>N. gonorrhoeae</italic>.<bold>Заключение</bold>. Можно полагать, что именно M. osloensis формируют консорциумы, обусловливающие патосимбиоценоз в репродуктивных органах. Снижение фертильности на фоне асимптомного хронического воспаления при устойчиво сложившемся симбиоценозе, включающем моракселлы, предлагается рассматривать как индикаторное состояние для этой патологии, а <italic>M. osloensis</italic> — как её маркер.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiome investigation</kwd><kwd>16S RNA sequencing</kwd><kwd>M. osloensis</kwd><kwd>pathosymbiocenosis</kwd><kwd>infertility</kwd><kwd>marker</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>исследование микробиома</kwd><kwd>16S РНК секвенирование</kwd><kwd>M. osloensis</kwd><kwd>патосимбиоценоз</kwd><kwd>бесплодие</kwd><kwd>маркер</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was supported by RFBR grant 17-44-590404 р_а and Administration of Perm region.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Администрации Пермского края в рамках научного проекта 17-44-590404 р_а.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kamińska D., Gajecka М. Is the role of human female reproductive tract microbiota underestimated? Benef. Microbes. 2017; 8(3): 327–43. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2015.0174</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Buchta V. Vaginal microbiome. Ceska Gynekol. Winter. 2018; 83(5): 371–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Gardner H.L., Dukes C.D. Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis: a newly defined specific infection previously classified non-specific vaginitis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1955; 69(5): 962–76.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Piot P., Van Dyck E., Totten P.A., Holmes K.K. Identification of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1982; 15(1): 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.15.1.19-24.1982</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Machado A., Cerca N. Influence of biofilm formation by Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobes on bacterial vaginosis. J. Infect. Dis. 2015; 212(12): 1856–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv338</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Damke E., Kurscheidt F.A., Irie M.M.T., Gimenes F., Consolaro M.E.L. Male partners of infertile couples with seminal positivity for markers of bacterial vaginosis have impaired fertility. Am. J. Mens. Health. 2018; 12(6): 2104–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318794</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Ravel J., Gajer P., Abdo Z., Schneider G.M., Koenig S.S., McCulle S.L., et al. Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2011; 108(Suppl. 1): 4680–7. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1002611107</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Martin D.H., Marrazzo J.M. The vaginal microbiome: current understanding and future directions. J. Infect. Dis. 2016; 214(Suppl. 1): S36–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiw184</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Martin D.H., Zozaya M., Lillis R., Miller J., Ferris M.J. The microbiota of the human genitourinary tract: trying to see the forest through the trees. Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc. 2012; 123: 242–56.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Hong X., Fang S., Huang K., Yin J., Chen J., Xuan Y., et al. Characteristics of the vaginal microbiome in cross-border female sex workers in China: a case-control study. PeerJ. 2019; 7: e8131. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8131</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Li F., Chen C., Wei W., Wang Z., Dai J., Hao L., et al. The metagenome of the female upper reproductive tract. Gigascience. 2018; 7(10): giy107. http://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giy107</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Morax V. Note sur un diplobacille pathogéne pour la conjunctivite humaine. Ann. Inst. Pasteur. 1896; 10: 337–45.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>LaCroce S.J., Wilson M.N., Romanowski J.E., Newman J.D., Jhanji V., Shanks R.M.Q., et al. Moraxella nonliquefaciens and M. osloensis are important Moraxella species that cause ocular infections. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(6): 163. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7060163</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Henriksen S.D. Moraxella, Acinetobacter, and the Mimeae. Bacteriol. Rev. 1973; 37(4): 522–61.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Riley P.S., Hollis D.G., Weaver R.E. Characterization and differentiation of 59 strains of Moraxella urethralis from clinical specimens. Appl. Microbiol. 1974; 28(3): 355–8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Abdolrasouli A., Amin A., Baharsefat M., Roushan A., Hemmati Y. Moraxella catarrhalis associated with acute urethritis imitating gonorrhoea acquired by oral-genital contact. Int. J. STD AIDS. 2007; 18(8): 579–80. http://doi.org/10.1258/095646207781439775</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Gómez-Camarasa C., Fernández-Parra J., Navarro-Marí J.M., Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Moraxella osloensis emerging infection. Visiting to genital infection. Rev. Esp. Quimioter. 2018; 31(2): 178–81. (in Spanish)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Coker D.M., Griffiths L.R. Moraxella urethritis mimicking gonorrhoea. Genitourin. Med. 1991; 67(2): 173–4. http://doi.org/10.1136/sti.67.2.173-a</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Богун А.Г., Кисличкина А.А., Галкина Е.В., Майская Н.В., Соломенцев В.И., Мухина Т.Н. и др. Использование современных методов идентификации бактерий в деятельности государственной коллекции патогенных микроорганизмов и клеточных культур (ГКПМ-Оболенск). Инфекция и иммунитет. 2016; 6(3): 8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Shaffer M., Armstrong A.J.S., Phelan V.V., Reisdorph N., Lozupone C.A. Microbiome and metabolome data integration provides insight into health and disease. Transl. Res. 2017; 189: 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2017.07.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Кубанов А.А., Барышков К.В., Честков А.В., Шаскольский Б.Л., Грудянов Д.А., Дерябин Д.Г. Генотипическое разнообразие популяции Neisseria gonorrhoeae в Архангельске (Россия): механизмы формирования и связь с устойчивостью к антимикробным препаратам. Молекулярная генетика, микробиология и вирусология. 2018; 36(3): 43–8. http://doi.org/10.17116/molgen20183603143</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Di Capua C., Bortolotti A., Farías M.E., Cortez N. UV-resistant Acinetobacter sp. isolates from Andean wetlands display high catalase activity. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2011; 317(2): 181–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02231.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Kubota H., Mitan A., Niwano Y., Takeuch K., Tanaka A., Yamaguchi N., et al. Moraxella species are primarily responsible for generating malodor in laundry. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2012; 78(9): 3317–24. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.07816-11</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Beney L., Gervais P. Influence of the fluidity of the membrane on the response of microorganisms to environmental stresses. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2001; 57(1-2): 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100754</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Sugimoto C., Miyagawa E., Nakazawa M., Mitani K., Ishizawa Y. Cellular fatty acid composition comparisons of Haemophilus equigenitalis and Moraxella species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1983; 33(2): 181–7. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-33-2-181</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Tan L., Grewal P.S. Endotoxin activity of Moraxella osloensis against the grey garden slug, Deroceras reticulatum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2002; 68(8): 3943–7. http://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.8.3943-3947.2002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Баранова Е.Д., Дружинин В.Г. Состав бактериальной микрофлоры человека: генотоксические и канцерогенные эффекты, ассоциированные с его изменениями в различных органах. Молекулярная генетика, микробиология и вирусология. 2019; 37(2): 58–63. https://doi.org/10.17116/molgen20193702158</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Cerca N., Vaneechoutte M., Guschin A., Swidsinski A. Polymicrobial infections and biofilms in women's health: Gahro Expert Group Meeting Report. Res. Microbiol. 2017; 168(9-10): 902–4. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2017.07.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Khan S., Voordouw M.J., Hill J.E. Competition among Gardnerella subgroups from the human vaginal microbiome. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2019; 9: 374. http://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00374</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Hill J.E., Albert A.Y.K., VOGUE Research Group. Resolution and сooccurrence patterns of Gardnerella leopoldii, G. swidsinskii, G. piotii, and G. vaginalis within the vaginal microbiome. Infect. Immun. 2019; 87(12): e00532-19. http://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00532-19</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Castro J., Jefferson K.K., Cerca N. Genetic heterogeneity and taxonomic diversity among Gardnerella species. Trends Microbiol. 2020; 28(3): 202–11. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2019.10.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Nisha K., Antony B., Udayalaxmi J. Comparative analysis of virulence factors &amp; biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis isolated from the genital tract of women with &amp; without bacterial vaginosis. Indian. J. Med. Res. 2019; 149(1): 57–61. http://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1674_16</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Савичева А.М., Крысанова А.А., Лищук О.В. Единственная в своём роде? StatusPraesens. Гинекология, акушерство, бесплодный брак. 2019; (5): 32–40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Belkaid Y., Hand T.W. Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. Cell. 2014; 157(1): 121–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
