Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology95010.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-6-7UnknownThe study of neuraminidase immunity in protection against secondary bacterial pneumonia induced by <i>S. aureus</i> after influenza infection in miceLenevaI. A.<p>Irina А. Leneva — D. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory of experimental virology</p><p>105064, Moscow</p>wnyfd385@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-2714FalynskovaI. N.<p>Irina N. Falynskova — researcher, Laboratory of experimental virology</p><p>105064, Moscow</p>fake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9836-9620KartashovaN. P.<p>Nadezhda P. Kartashova — researcher, Laboratory of experimental virology</p><p>105064, Moscow</p>fake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-5080GlubokovaE. A.<p>Ekaterina А. Glubokova — junior researcher, Laboratory of experimental virology</p><p>105064, Moscow</p>fake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-9733PoddubikovA. V.<p>Aleksandr V. Poddubikov — PhD (Med.), Head, Laboratory of microbiology of opportunistic bacteria</p><p>105064, Moscow</p>fake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-4765SvitichO. A.<p>Oksana A. Svitich — D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corresponding Member of RAS, Head, Laboratory of molecular immunology, Director</p><p>105064, Moscow</p>fake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera200120219765645772001202120012021Copyright © 2021, Leneva I.A., Falynskova I.N., Kartashova N.P., Glubokova E.A., Poddubikov A.V., Svitich O.A.2021<p><strong>Introduction</strong>. Pneumonia often occurs secondary to influenza infection and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. We previously have shown that vaccination with Virus-like particles (VLPs) containing hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus reduces mortality caused by bacterial infections after an influenza infections in mice.</p>
<p><strong>The aim</strong> of this work is to study whether this protective effect may be potentiated by supplementing the HA preparation with the influenza neuraminidase (NA).</p>
<p><strong>Materials and methods</strong>. We studied the effect of Gag-VLPs with the influenza HA or NA from А/PR/8/34 alone or in combination, in a lethal BALB/c mouse model of <em>S. aureus</em> infection after vaccine-matched or mismatched influenza virus challenge.</p>
<p><strong>Results</strong>. A cocktail of HA-Gag and NA-Gag-VLPs fully protected from weight loss, mortality and viral replication and significantly reduced the bacterial burden in the lungs of А/PR/8/34 infected animals. Immunization with this cocktail HA-Gag-VLPs 100 ng + NA-Gag-VLPs 20 ng also protected 60% of animals from mortality associated with secondary bacterial <em>S. aureus</em> infection following a heterologous H1N1 influenza virus challenge, and led to the significant protection from weight loss and pulmonary pathogen replication even in the absence of HA-inhibition and NA-inhibition antibodies.</p>
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