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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">88</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-2016-5-60-72</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLUENZA A/H3N2 AND В VIRUSES THAT HAD CIRCULATED IN RUSSIA IN 2013 - 2015</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ВИРУСОВ ГРИППА A/H3N2 И В, ЦИРКУЛИРОВАВШИХ В РОССИИ В 2013 - 2015 ГГ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsyshina</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцышина</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Renteeva</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рентеева</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valdokhina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валдохина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elkina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елькина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Speranskaya</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сперанская</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pimkina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пимкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mintaev</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минтаев</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markelov</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркелов</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maleev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-10-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>93</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Yatsyshina S.B., Renteeva A.N., Valdokhina A.V., Elkina M.A., Speranskaya A.S., Pimkina E.V., Mintaev R.R., Markelov M.L., Maleev V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Яцышина С.Б., Рентеева А.Н., Валдохина А.В., Елькина М.А., Сперанская А.С., Пимкина Е.В., Минтаев Р.Р., Маркелов М.Л., Малеев В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yatsyshina S.B., Renteeva A.N., Valdokhina A.V., Elkina M.A., Speranskaya A.S., Pimkina E.V., Mintaev R.R., Markelov M.L., Maleev V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яцышина С.Б., Рентеева А.Н., Валдохина А.В., Елькина М.А., Сперанская А.С., Пимкина Е.В., Минтаев Р.Р., Маркелов М.Л., Малеев В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/88">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/88</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. Establish genetic characteristics, carry out phylogenetic analysis and determination of molecular markers of resistance to etiotropic preparations against influenza A/H3N2 and В viruses that had circulated in Russia in 2013 - 2015. Materials and methods. 80 biological samples containing influenza A/H3N2 virus RNA and 31 samples containing influenza В virus RNA were studied. Sequencing of PCR fragments was carried out in ABI-3100 PRIZMTM GeneticAnalyzer (AppliedBiosystems, USA) and using MiSeq (Illumina, USA). Data treatment and analysis was carried out using CLC v.3.6.5., DNASTAR and BioNumerics v.6.5. programs. Results. In 2013 - 2014 A/Texas/50/2012-like clade 3C.3 influenza A/H3N2 viruses dominated, 10% belonged to subclade 3C.2a and 10% - to ЗС.ЗЬ. Most of the viruses (81%) of 2014 - 2015 were of 3C.2a clade, the portion of viruses belonging to ЗС.ЗЬ and ЗС.За was 9 and 10%. Yamagata-like viruses predominated among the studied influenza В viruses, only 1 virus of 2014 - 2015 belonged to Victoria lineage, 1 reassortant of Yamagata and Victoria lineages was detected. Rimantadine-resistance mutation S31N (М2 protein) was detected in all the influenza A/H3N2 viruses. Mutations determining resistance to oseltamivir (NA gene) were not detected in influenza A/H3N2 and В viruses. Conclusion. Increase of influenza morbidity in 2014 - 2015 was determined by the emergence of influenza A/H3N2 and В viruses, antigenically distinct from those that had circulated previously and those included into the vaccine, thus resulting in the WHO decision to change А/ H3N2 and В components of the 2015 - 2016 vaccine. Simultaneous circulation of 2 lineages of influenza В virus and emergence of their reassortants gives evidence on the necessity of use of quadrivalent vaccines, containing both lineages.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель. Установить генетическую характеристику, провести филогенетический анализ и определение молекулярных маркеров резистентности к этиотропным препаратам вирусов гриппа A/H3N2 и В, циркулировавших в России в 2013 - 2015 гг. Материалы и методы. Исследованы 80 биологических образцов, содержащих РНК вируса гриппа A/H3N2, и 31 образец, содержащий РНК вируса гриппа В. Секвенирование фрагментов ПЦР выполнялось на ABI-3100 PRIZM™ GeneticAnalyzer (AppliedBiosystems, США) и с использованием MiSeq (Illumina, США). Обработка и анализ данных проводились с помощью программ CLC v.3.6.5., DNASTAR и BioNumerics v.6.5. Результаты. В 2013 - 2014 гг. доминировали вирусы гриппа A/H3N2 клайда ЗС.З, подобные вакцинному штамму A/Texas/50/2012, 10% принадлежали к субклайду ЗС.2а и 10% - к ЗС.ЗЬ. Подавляющее большинство (81%) вирусов 2014 - 2015 гг. вошли в клайд ЗС.2а, доля вирусов, относящихся к ЗС.ЗЬ и ЗС.За, составляла 9% и 10%. Среди исследованных вирусов гриппа В превалировали Ямагата-подобные, лишь 1 вирус в 2014 - 2015 гг. относился к линии Виктория, обнаружен 1 реассортант линий Ямагата и Виктория. Во всех вирусах гриппа A/H3N2 выявлена мутация устойчивости к ремантадину S31N (белок М2). Мутации, определяющие устойчивость к озельтамивиру (ген NA), вирусов гриппа A/H3N2 и В обнаружены не были. Заключение. Подъем заболеваемости гриппом в 2014 - 2015 гг. обусловлен появлением вирусов гриппа A/H3N2 и В, отличающихся по антигенному составу от циркулировавших ранее и от вошедших в вакцину, что привело к решению ВОЗ заменить компоненты A/H3N2 и В вакцины 2015 -- 2016 гг. Одновременная циркуляция двух линий вируса гриппа В и появление их реассортантов свидетельствует о целесообразности применения четырехвалентной вакцины, включающей обе линии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>influenza viruses</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирусы гриппа</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>База данных GISAID EpiFluTM. Электронный ресурс http://flusurver.bii.a-star.edu.sg/ MUTATI ON S/H 3N 2_Human_2013_Switzerland9715293/НА_ 13 8_stat.html.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>База данных GISAID EpiFluTM. Электронный ресурс http://flusurver.bii.a-star.edu.sg/ MUTATIONS/H3N2_Human_2013_Switzerland9715293/HA_154_stat.html</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Данные НИИ гриппа. Эпидемиологическая ситуация. 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