Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology7710.36233/0372-9311-2016-4-115-124REVIEWSОБЗОРЫPROTEINS AND OTHER CARRIERS FOR CREATION OF CONJUGATED VACCINES: PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONБЕЛКИ И ДРУГИЕ ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ НОСИТЕЛИ ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ КОНЪЮГИРОВАННЫХ ВАКЦИН: СВОЙСТВА И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕLisitskayaL. A.ЛисицкаяЛ. А.
Russian Federation
KolesnikovA. V.КолесниковА. В.
Russian Federation
KozyrA. V.КозырьА. В.
Russian Federation
ShemyakinI. G.ШемякинИ. Г.
Russian Federation
RyabkoA. K.РябкоА. К.
Russian Federation
KrasavtsevaO. N.КрасавцеваО. Н.
Russian Federation
DyatlovLA. ..ДятловИ. А.
Russian Federation
State Scientific Centre of Applied Microbiology and BiotechnologyГНЦ прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологииinstitute of Engineering ImmunologyИнститут инженерной иммунологии2808201693411512410042019Copyright ©; 2016, Lisitskaya L.A., Kolesnikov A.V., Kozyr A.V., Shemyakin I.G., Ryabko A.K., Krasavtseva O.N., Dyatlov L...Copyright ©; 2016, Лисицкая Л.А., Колесников А.В., Козырь А.В., Шемякин И.Г., Рябко А.К., Красавцева О.Н., Дятлов И.А.2016Lisitskaya L.A., Kolesnikov A.V., Kozyr A.V., Shemyakin I.G., Ryabko A.K., Krasavtseva O.N., Dyatlov L...Лисицкая Л.А., Колесников А.В., Козырь А.В., Шемякин И.Г., Рябко А.К., Красавцева О.Н., Дятлов И.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/77

Vaccination is a key element in prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Effective vaccines based on polysaccharide capsules were developed for a number of microorganisms. Effectiveness of polysaccharides as antigens, however, is low in the main risk groups - infants and patients with immunedeficiency conditions. Use of polysaccharide antigens conjugated with protein carriers as vaccines became a principal step forward. Though use of carriers became a breakthrough for vaccine effectiveness increase, mechanisms of interaction of proteins and carbohydrate components of the vaccines in T-cell immune response induction and immunological memory remains studied incompletely. Lack of theoretical base complicates execution of directed engineering of conjugated vaccines with the goal of expansion of their nomenclature and effectiveness increase. Despite significant volume of new information in the field of interaction of various antigens, and significant expansion of spectrum of potential carriers, including of non-protein nature, the number of pathogens, for which conjugated vaccines are introduced into clinical practice, remains insignificant. Information regarding problems and perspectives of use of carriers for conjugated polysaccharide vaccines is summarized in the review.

Вакцинация является ключевым элементом профилактики инфекционных заболеваний. Для ряда патогенных микроорганизмов были разработаны эффективные вакцины на основе полисахаридной капсулы. Эффективность полисахаридов как антигена однако низкая у основных групп риска - младенцев и пациентов с иммунодефицитными состояниями. Принципиальным шагом вперед стало использование в качестве вакцин полисахаридных антигенов, конъюгированных с белковыми носителями. Несмотря на то, что использование носителей стало прорывом в повышении эффективности вакцин, механизмы взаимодействия белкового и углеводного компонентов вакцины в индукции Т-клеточного иммунного ответа и иммунологической памяти до сих пор полностью не изучены. Отсутствие теоретической базы затрудняет проведение направленного инженеринга конъюгированных вакцин с целью расширения их номенклатуры и повышения эффективности. Несмотря на значительный объем новой информации в области взаимодействия различных антигенов и значительное расширение спектра потенциальных носителей, в том числе, и не белковой природы, число патогенов, для которых конъюгированные вакцины внедрены в клиническую практику, увеличилось незначительно. В обзоре суммирована информация о проблемах и перспективах использования носителей для конъюгированных полисахаридных вакцин.

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