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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7268</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-383</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ryvxkq</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Promising pharmaceutical development of vaccines for the prevention of meningococcal infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективные фармацевтические разработки вакцин для профилактики менингококковой инфекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savkina</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савкина</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Chief Expert</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., главный эксперт</p></bio><email>savkina@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-2621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sayapina</surname><given-names>Lidiya  V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саяпина</surname><given-names>Лидия Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Chief Expert</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., главный эксперт</p></bio><email>savkina@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-1264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivykh</surname><given-names>Maxim  A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривых</surname><given-names>Максим Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pharm.), Deputy Head, Department for Expertise of Antibacterial Medical Immunobiological Preparations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.фарм.н., зам. начальника управления по экспертизе противобактериальных медицинских иммунобиологических препаратов</p></bio><email>savkina@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7729-9800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Obukhov</surname><given-names>Yury  I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обухов</surname><given-names>Юрий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head, Department for Expertise of Antibacterial Medical Immunobiological Preparations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник управления по экспертизе противобактериальных медицинских иммунобиологических препаратов</p></bio><email>savkina@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>354</fpage><lpage>363</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-16"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Savkina M.V., Sayapina L.V., Krivykh M.A., Obukhov Y.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Савкина М.В., Саяпина Л.В., Кривых .А., Обухов Ю.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savkina M.V., Sayapina L.V., Krivykh M.A., Obukhov Y.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савкина М.В., Саяпина Л.В., Кривых .А., Обухов Ю.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/7268">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/7268</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Meningococcal infection (MI) refers to anthroponoses; is an acute infectious disease with an aerosol transmission mechanism, characterized by various forms of the infectious process: from local (nasopharyngitis) and asymptomatic infections to generalized forms of invasive infection with the development of meningococcemia and meningitis. The causative agent of MI is meningococcus (<italic>Neisseria meningitidis</italic>) that belongs to the pathogen risk group 2. Preventive vaccination against MI is included in the calendar of preventive vaccinations according to epidemic indications. The problem of MI retains a great medical and social significance for Russian health care due to the continuing high rates of associated mortality, disability, high costs of treatment and rehabilitation. Vaccines against five of the six main <italic>N. meningitidis</italic> serogroups have been registered worldwide. Serogroup X vaccine is under development. Recently, there has been an increase in the heterogeneity of the meningococcal population due to serogroups W, Y, and X. The polysaccharide vaccines developed in Russia have restrictions on their use, and there is no full-cycle production of meningococcal conjugate vaccines in the Russian Federation. Given the above, the development and registration of new vaccines against MI is an urgent task.</p> <p>The <bold>purpose</bold> of this work is to analyze the current state of development of vaccines for MI prevention. Currently, depending on the production technology, the following types of meningococcal vaccines are available: polysaccharide, conjugated, based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV), protein and based on synthetic polysaccharides. Serogroup-targeted meningococcal vaccines are effective in reducing the public health burden of invasive MI. Polysaccharide conjugate and protein/OMV vaccines are among the most promising vaccines for most invasive meningococcal serogroups. In modern conditions, with the progress in technologies for future polysaccharide conjugate vaccines, new opportunities are opening up for the use of such approaches as chemical/enzymatic synthesis, improved characteristics of the carrier protein, and site-specific conjugation. The development of a single vaccine against the main invasive meningococcal serogroups, rather than its individual antigenic variants, does not lose its relevance. It is timely to develop in the near future a vaccine against <italic>N. meningitidis</italic> serogroup X, which was previously a rare cause of sporadic meningitis, but has caused outbreaks in various African countries in 2006–2010 and in recent years.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Менингококковая инфекция (МИ) относится к антропонозам; представляет собой острое инфекционное заболевание с аэрозольным механизмом передачи, характеризующееся различными формами инфекционного процесса: от локальной (назофарингит) и бессимптомной до генерализованных форм в виде инвазивной инфекции с развитием менингококкцемии и менингита. Возбудителем МИ является менингококк (<italic>Neisseria meningitidis</italic>), относящийся к III группе патогенности. Профилактические прививки против МИ включены в календарь профилактических прививок по эпидемическим показаниям. Проблема МИ имеет важное медико-социальное значение для российского здравоохранения в связи с сохраняющимися высокими показателями летальности, инвалидизацией, высокими затратами на лечение и реабилитацию. В мире зарегистрированы вакцины против 5 из 6 основных серогрупп <italic>N. meningitidis</italic>. Вакцина против серогруппы X находится на стадии разработки. В последнее время отмечается увеличение гетерогенности популяции менингококка, обусловленное серогруппами W, Y и Х. Разработанные в России полисахаридные вакцины имеют ограничения по применению, а производство по полному циклу на территории России конъюгированных менингококковых вакцин отсутствует. Учитывая вышеизложенное, разработка и регистрация новых вакцин против МИ является актуальной задачей.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> работы — анализ современного состояния в области разработок вакцин для профилактики МИ.</p> <p>В зависимости от технологии получения имеются следующие виды менингококковых вакцин: полисахаридные, конъюгированные, на основе везикул наружной мембраны (ВНМ), белковые и на основе синтетических полисахаридов. Менингококковые вакцины, направленные к отдельным серогруппам, являются эффективными в снижении бремени инвазивной МИ для общественного здравоохранения. Полисахаридные конъюгированные и белковые/ВНМ вакцины относятся к наиболее перспективным вакцинам и нацелены на борьбу с большинством инвазивных серогрупп менингококка.В современных условиях с развитием технологий в области создания полисахаридных конъюгированных вакцин будущего открываются новые возможности использования таких подходов, как химический/химико-ферментный синтез, улучшенная характеристика белка-носителя и сайт-специфическая конъюгация. Не теряет своей актуальности разработка единой вакцины против основных инвазивных серогрупп менингококка, а не его отдельных антигенных вариантов. Своевременной является разработка вакцины против <italic>N. meningitidis </italic>серогруппы X, являющейся редкой причиной возникновения спорадического менингита и вызвавшей вспышки в 2006–2010 гг. в различных странах Африки.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>meningococcal infection</kwd><kwd>Neisseria meningitidis</kwd><kwd>polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines</kwd><kwd>vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>менингококковая инфекция</kwd><kwd>Neisseria meningitidis</kwd><kwd>полисахаридные и конъюгированные вакцины</kwd><kwd>вакцины на основе везикул наружной мембраны</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">FSBI ‘SCEEMP’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>НИР 121022000147-4</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Berti F., Romano M.R., Micoli F., Adamo R. 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