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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">531</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-1-72-82</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunological and Epidemiological Aspects of the Immunogenicity of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 3 Capsular Polysaccharide in Pneumococcal Vaccines</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунологические и эпидемиологические аспекты иммуногенности капсульного полисахарида Streptococcus pneumoniae серотипа 3 в составе пневмококковых вакцин</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-231X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>А</bold><bold>nton </bold><bold>Е</bold><bold>. Zaitsev</bold> — junior researcher</p><p><italic>Moscow 105064</italic><italic/></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Зайцев Антон Евгеньевич</bold> — младший научный сотрудник</p><p><italic>105064, Москва</italic></p></bio><email>anton.zajtseff2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-4471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбатова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Ekaterina A. Kurbatova</bold> — Doct. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head, Laboratory of therapeutic vaccines, Department of immunology</p><p><italic>Moscow 105064</italic><italic/></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Курбатова Екатерина Алексеевна</bold> — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией терапевтических вакцин Отдела иммунологии</p><p><italic>105064, Москва</italic></p></bio><email>kurbatova6162@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4474-7531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Nadezhda B. Egorova</bold> — Doct. Sci. (Med.), Prof., leading researcher, Laboratory of therapeutic vaccines, Department of immunology</p><p><italic>Moscow 105064</italic><italic/></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Егорова Надежда Борисовна</bold> — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный  сотрудник лаборатории терапевтических вакцин Отдела иммунологии</p><p><italic>105064, Москва</italic></p></bio><email>vmegorova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-3876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Elena V. Sukhova</bold><italic> </italic>— senior researcher</p><p><italic>119991, Moscow</italic><italic/></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Сухова Елена Викторовна</bold> — кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p><italic>119991, Москва</italic></p></bio><email>glycoperl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0727-4050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nifantiev</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нифантьев</surname><given-names>Н. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Nikolay E. Nifantiev</bold><italic> </italic>— Doct. Sci. (Chem.), Prof., Corr. Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Glycoconjugate chemistry laboratory</p><p><italic>119991, Moscow</italic><italic/></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Нифантьев Николай Эдуардович</bold> — доктор химических наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий лабораторией химии гликоконъюгатов</p><p><italic>119991, Москва</italic></p></bio><email>nen@ioc.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И. Мечникова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт органической химии имени Н.Д. Зелинского» РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-04-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-03-06"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-03-06"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Zaitsev A.E., Kurbatova E.A., Egorova N.B., Sukhova E.V., Nifantiev N.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Зайцев А.Е., Курбатова Е.А., Егорова Н.Б., Сухова Е.В., Нифантьев Н.Э.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaitsev A.E., Kurbatova E.A., Egorova N.B., Sukhova E.V., Nifantiev N.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцев А.Е., Курбатова Е.А., Егорова Н.Б., Сухова Е.В., Нифантьев Н.Э.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/531">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/531</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The introduction of pneumococcal vaccines into national immunization programmes around the world has reduced the incidence of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes, but had no influence on the incidence of <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae </italic>serotype 3 included in their composition. The results of evaluation of epidemiological efficacy and immunogenicity of capsular polysaccharide of <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide (CP) in conjugated and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines are contradictory. Some studies have shown the effectiveness of vaccination, other studies indicate insufficient immunogenicity and prophylactic efficacy of <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> serotype 3 CP. The authors’ analysis of the results of clinical studies showed that the prophylactic efficacy of <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> serotype 3 CP depends on the type of vaccine, nosological form of the disease, age, immunization schedule. According to the literature data, the most informative parameter of the protective activity of <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> CP in pneumococcal vaccines, including serotype 3, is opsonophagocytosis. The experimental data of the low immunogenicity of serotype 3 CP, presumably associated with an unusual way of synthesis of its CP, are considered. To increase the im muno genicity of <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> serotype 3 CP, the use of synthetic oligosaccharides of a strictly defined chemical structure corresponding to the protective fragments of serotype 3 CP and conjugated with a carrier protein for induction of T-dependent immune response and immunological memory is promising.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Включение в национальные программы иммунизации многих стран мира пневмококковых вакцин привело к снижению уровня заболеваний, вызываемых вакцинными серотипами пневмококка, однако не оказало влияния на частоту распространения <italic>Streptococcus</italic> <italic>pneumoniae</italic> серотипа 3, входящего в их состав. Результаты испытаний по оценке эпидемиологической эффективности и иммуногенности капсульного полисахарида (КП) <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> серотипа 3 в составе конъюгированных и полисахаридных пневмококковых вакцин противоречивы. В одних исследованиях показана эффективность вакцинации, другие исследования свидетельствуют о недостаточной иммуногенности и профилактической эффективности КП <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> серотипа 3. Проведенный авторами анализ результатов клинических исследований показал, что профилактическая эффективность КП <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> серотипа 3 зависит от типа вакцины, нозологической формы заболевания, возраста, схемы иммунизации. В соответствии с данными литературы наиболее информативным показателем протективной активности КП <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> в составе пневмококковых вакцин, в том числе серотипа 3, является опсонофагоцитоз. Рассмотрены экспериментальные данные, обосновывающие низкую иммуногенность КП серотипа 3, предположительно связанную с необычным путем синтеза его КП. Для повышения иммуногенности КП <italic>S. pneumoniae </italic>серотипа 3 перспективным является использование синтетических олигосахаридов строго определенного химического строения, соответствующих протективным фрагментам КП серотипа 3 и конъюгированных с белком-носителем для индукции Т-зависимого иммунного ответа и иммунологической памяти.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3</kwd><kwd>capsular pneumococcal polysaccharide</kwd><kwd>conjugated pneumococcal vaccine</kwd><kwd>polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine</kwd><kwd>epidemiological efficacy of pneumococcal vaccines opsonophagocytosis</kwd><kwd>post-vaccination pneumococcal antibodies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae серотипа 3</kwd><kwd>капсульный полисахарид пневмококка</kwd><kwd>конъюгированная пневмококковая вакцина</kwd><kwd>полисахаридная пневмококковая вакцина</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологическая эффективность пневмококковых вакцин</kwd><kwd>опсонофагоцитоз</kwd><kwd>поствакцинальные пневмококковые антитела</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation 19-73-30017</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ 19-73-30017</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Henrichsen J. 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