Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology49210.36233/0372-9311-2019-6-30-39Review ArticleThe safety of attenuated and recombinant nasal influenza vaccines in terms of the development of secondary bacterial superinfectionMakhmudovaN. R.Nailya R. Makhmudova, PhD. Leading Researcher of Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Moscow, 105064, Russiamakhmudova_nr@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-5091LenevaI. A.Moscow, 105064, Russiafake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-2714LarionovaN. V.Saint-Petersburg, 197376, Russiafake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1171-3383PoddubikovA. V.Moscow, 105064, Russiafake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-4765FalynskovaI. N.Moscow, 105064, Russiafake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9836-9620KartashovaN. P.Moscow, 105064, Russiafake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-5080SvitichO. A.Moscow, 105064, Russiafake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389I.I. Mechnikov Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and SerumsFederal State Budgetary Research Institution «Institute of Experimental Medicine»1612201996630391312201913122019Copyright © 2019, Makhmudova N.R., Leneva I.A., Larionova N.V., Poddubikov A.V., Falynskova I.N., Kartashova N.P., Svitich O.A.2019<p><strong>Introduction. </strong>Influenza is a severe viral disease. The most common post-influenza complication is pneumonia. Earlier, we developed an experimental mouse model of viralbacterial pneumonia induced by successive infection with influenza virus and <em>St. aureus</em>, in which lethal synergy between pathogens observed in epidemiological observations was detected.</p>
<p><strong>Aim. </strong>To study the effect of the administration of intranasal vaccines, followed by infection with <em>St. pneumoniae </em>on the development and completion of the disease.</p>
<p><strong>Materials and methods<em>. </em></strong>The animals were immunized intranasal with a strain of attenuated cold-adapted live influenza vaccine A/17/California/2009/38 (H1N1)pdm09 (LAIV) and a recombinant vaccine based on virus-like particles HA(Puerto Rico/8/34)- Gag (VLPs). Control groups of animals were infected with virulent strains of influenza virus A/ California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 or A/Puerto Rico /8/34 (H1N1). On the fifth day after intranasal immunization with the vaccine preparations and infection with pathogenic strains, animals were subjected to bacterial infection with a strain of <em>St. pneumoniae</em>. The presence of synergism of vaccine or viral agent with bacterial infection was assessed by survival and weight loss of animals, virus titer and density of bacteria in nasopharyngeal washes and lungs.</p>
<p><strong>Results. </strong>It was shown that immunization with vaccine preparations did not lead to increased sensitivity of mice to bacterial infection. Elimination of bacteria from the lungs and nasopharynx in groups immunized with vaccine preparations corresponded to the dynamics in the group of animals immunized by PBS.</p>
<p><strong>Discussion. </strong>The results obtained indicate the safety of intranasal immunization with LAIV A/17/California/2009/38 (H1N1)pdm09 and virus-like particles HA (Puerto Rico/8/34)- Gag (VLPs) in terms of enhancing secondary bacterial superinfection caused by <em>St. pneumoniae</em>.</p>
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