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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">491</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-2019-6-21-29</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Inclusion of site-specific mutations in the PB1-gene of a virulent A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain of influenza A virus changes its phenotypic characteristics</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Включение сайт-специфических мутаций в РВ1-ген вирулентного штамма A/WSN/33 (H1N1) вируса гриппа А меняет его фенотипические характеристики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-2685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kost</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кост</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow,115088, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115088, г. Москва, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-003X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow,115088, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115088, г. Москва, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1795-4356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akopova</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акопова</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow,115088, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115088, г. Москва, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4347-1684</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbacheva</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачёва</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow,115088, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115088, г. Москва, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5119-877X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisovskaya</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисовская</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow,115088, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115088, г. Москва, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4212-5093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rtishchev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ртищев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow,115088, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115088, г. Москва, Россия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0994-5337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markushin</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркушин</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav G. Markushin, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher, the Head of Laboratory of RNA-viruses genetics, Moscow, 115088, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркушин Станислав Георгиевич, д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией генетики РНК-содержащих вирусов, 115088, г. Москва</p></bio><email>s.g.markushin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>96</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Kost V.Y., Sukhova O.A., Akopova I.I., Gorbacheva E.O., Lisovskaya K.V., Rtishchev A.A., Markushin S.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Кост В.Ю., Сухова О.А., Акопова И.И., Горбачёва Е.О., Лисовская К.В., Ртищев А.А., Маркушин С.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kost V.Y., Sukhova O.A., Akopova I.I., Gorbacheva E.O., Lisovskaya K.V., Rtishchev A.A., Markushin S.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кост В.Ю., Сухова О.А., Акопова И.И., Горбачёва Е.О., Лисовская К.В., Ртищев А.А., Маркушин С.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/491">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/491</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim. </bold>Study of changes in the phenotypic characteristics of the virulent A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain of influenza A virus under the influence of the inclusion of site-specific mutations in the PB1-gene of this strain.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Using a two-step polymerase reaction in the PB1 gene of A/ WSN/33 (H1N1) strain were included ts mutations taken from the genome of attenuated CA donors-strains: A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2), A/Leningrad 134/17/57 (H2N2) and A/ Krasnodar/101/35/59. Ts-phenotype, att-phenotype, immunogenicity, as well as weight loss in mice infected with these mutants were studied in the obtained site-specific mutants.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>It was shown that the inclusion of ts mutations from the genome of CA donorsstrains of attenuation in the PB1 gene of the virulent A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain leads to a change in the phenotypic characteristics of this strain to different degrees.</p> <p><bold>Discussion. </bold>Analysis of the genome of CA strains- donors of attenuation of influenza virus indicates the crucial importance of the presence of functional defects in the PB1– protein for the formation of the attenuation phenotype of the virus.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. The technology of site-specific mutagenesis canbe successfully used to modify the PB1 gene of a virulent influenza A virus strain in order to construct a new generation of live influenza vaccines.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель </bold>– изучение изменений фенотипических характеристик вирулентного штамма А/WSN/33 вируса гриппа А под влиянием включения сайт-специфических мутаций в его РВ1-гене.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. С помощью двухступенчатой полимеразной цепной реакции в РВ1-гене штамма А/WSN/33(H1N1) были включены ts-мутации, взятые из генома холодоадаптированных (ХА) штаммов – доноров аттенуации А/Энн Арбор/6/60 (H2N2), А/Ленинград/134/17/57 (H2N2) и А/Краснодар/101/35/59 (H2N2). Исследовали ts- и att-фенотип полученных сайт-специфических мутантов, иммуногенность, а также снижение массы тела у инфицированных мышей.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Показано, что включение ts-мутаций из генома ХА штаммов – доноров аттенуации в РВ1-ген вирулентного штамма А/WSN/33 (H1N1) приводит к различным изменениям его фенотипических характеристик.</p> <p><bold>Обсуждение. </bold>Анализ генома ХА штаммов – доноров аттенуации вируса гриппа указывает на исключительно важное значение функциональных дефектов в РВ1-белке для формирования аттенуационного фенотипа вируса.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Технологию сайт-специфического мутагенеза можно использовать для модификации РВ1-гена вирулентного штамма вируса гриппа А с целью конструирования живых гриппозных вакцин нового поколения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>influenza virus</kwd><kwd>cold-adapted (CA) strains-donors of attenuation</kwd><kwd>site-specific mutagenesis</kwd><kwd>ts- phenotype</kwd><kwd>att-phenotype</kwd><kwd>immunogenicity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус гриппа А</kwd><kwd>аттенуация</kwd><kwd>холодоадаптированные штаммы – доноры аттенуации</kwd><kwd>сайт-специфический мутагенез</kwd><kwd>ts-фенотип</kwd><kwd>att-фенотип</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was financially supported by I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования были проведены при финансовой поддержке ФГБНУ НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Maassab H. Adaptation and growth characteristics of influenza virus at 25 degrees. C. Nature. 1967; 213(5076): 612-4. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/213612a0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Jin H., Zhou H., Lu B., Kemble G. Imparting temperature sensitivity and attenuation in ferrets to A/PuertoRico/8/34 influenza virus by transferring the genetic signature for temperature sensitivity from cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60. J. Virol. 2004; 78(2): 995-8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.2.995-998.2004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Solórzano A., Ye J., Pérez D.R. 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