Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology43910.36233/0372-9311-2019-4-98-105REVIEWSОБЗОРЫGenetic variability of Bordetella pertussis and its role in vaccine prevention of pertussisГенетическая изменчивость Bordetella pertussis и ее роль в вакцинопрофилактике коклюшаBazhanovaI. G.БажановаИ. Г.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Бажанова Ирина Глебовна, к.б.н.

105064, Москва, М. Казенный пер., 5а, р.т. (495)916-22-63

BritsinaM. V.БрицинаМ. В.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

MertsalovaN. U.МерцаловаН. У.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

OzeretskovskayaM. N.ОзерецковскаяМ. Н.
Russian Federation

Moscow

Москва

Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and SeraНИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И.И.Мечникова02092019964981050209201902092019Copyright ©; 2019, Bazhanova I.G., Britsina M.V., Mertsalova N.U., Ozeretskovskaya M.N.Copyright ©; 2019, Бажанова И.Г., Брицина М.В., Мерцалова Н.У., Озерецковская М.Н.2019Bazhanova I.G., Britsina M.V., Mertsalova N.U., Ozeretskovskaya M.N.Бажанова И.Г., Брицина М.В., Мерцалова Н.У., Озерецковская М.Н.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/439

In many countries of the world despite the extensively vaccination against pertussis has increased the incidence of the whooping cough in all age group of the population. The MLST, MLVA and CGH investigations revealed the differences in genotypes between the vaccine strains B.pertussis and the circulating isolates B.pertussis in consequence of adaptation of the bacterium B.pertussis to the immunized hosts. It is lead to waning immynity and outbreak of incidence of pertussis. The mutations in the genes encoding the major virulence factors, the allelic polimorfism and decreasing the genome size of B.pertussis strains are the basis of the B.pertussis adaptation to the immunized hosts and dependent on the type of the vaccine used for immunization Programme. In countries that use acellular pertussis vaccine for vaccination programme the dominant isolates genotypes are: ptxА1-ptxС2- ptxР3-prn2- tcfA2-1-fim3-2 и ptxА1- ptxС2- ptxР3-prnА2- tcfA2- fim2-1- fim3-1, and that use the cellular pertussis vaccine the dominant isolates genotypes are ptxА1-ptxС1- ptxР1-prn1- tcfA2- fim2-2 fim3-1 и ptxА1- ptxС1- ptxР1- prn2- tcfA2- fim2-1- fim3-1. The constant monitoring of the genotypes of isolates B.pertussis is necessary to reveal the dominant genotypes and include them in the national immunization programme in combination with vaccine strains B.pertussis.

Во многих странах мира, несмотря на высокий уровень вакцинации населения, увеличилось число вспышек коклюша во всех возрастных группах. MLST, MLVA и CGH исследования выявили несоответствие генотипов циркулирующих штаммов B.pertussis генотипам вакцинных штаммов, вследствие адаптации бактерий к вакцинированному хозяину, что привело к снижению иммунитета и возникновению вспышек заболевания коклюшем. Мутации в генах, кодирующих основные факторы вирулентности, аллельный полиморфизм и редукция генома в циркулирующих штаммах B.pertussis являются основой адаптации патогена к иммунизированной популяции и зависят от типа вакцин, используемых для иммунизации популяции. В странах, использующих бесклеточную коклюшную вакцину, доминируют в настоящее время изоляты, содержащие генотипы: ptxА1-ptxС2- ptxР3-prn2- tcfA2-1-fim3-2 и ptxА1- ptxС2- ptxР3- prnА2- tcfA2- fim2-1- fim3-1, а использующих корпускулярную вакцину, доминируют изоляты генотипов ptxА1-ptxС1- ptxР1-prn1- tcfA2- fim2-2 fim3-1 и ptxА1- ptxС1- ptxР1- prn2- tcfA2- fim2-1- fim3-1. Необходимо проведение постоянного мониторинга генотипов циркулирующих штаммов B.pertussis для своевременного выявления доминирующего генотипа и его использования в иммунизационной программе в сочетании с вакцинными штаммами B.pertussis.

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