Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology38710.36233/0372-9311-2019-1-85-90REPLICATION OF HIV-1 SUBTYPE A6 IN THE PRESENCE OF HORMONES INCLUDED IN THE MODERN HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVESNosikM. N.Moscowfake@neicon.ruRyzhovK. A.Moscowfake@neicon.ruPotapovaA. V.Moscowfake@neicon.ruMechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and SeraSechenov First Mosсow State Medical University2304201996185902208201922082019Copyright © 2019, Nosik M.N., Ryzhov K.A., Potapova A.V.2019<p><strong>Aim.</strong> To study how female hormones included in oral contraceptives (β-estradiol and progesteron) affect HIV-1 replication and efficacy of antiviral drugs. <strong>Material and methods</strong>. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and cell lines MT-4, Jurkat were infected with HIV-1 (subtype A6). Afterwards the cells were cultured for 6 days in the presence of β-estradiol/progesteron with or without the presence of antiretroviral drugs Lamivudin (3TC), Etravirin(ETR) and Indinavir (IDV), which are widely used for HIV treatment. Virus production was monitored by p24 levels in culture supernatants on day 6. The experemints were performed in eight repetitions. <strong>Results</strong>. There was a 1,3-1,8-fold increase of virus replication in the presence of high concentrations of both hormones (26,136 μg/ml). Incomplete suppression of viral replication was observed when infected cells were co-cultivated in the presence of hormones (26 μg, 136 μg) and antiretroviral drugs. The mean suppression rate of viral replication for β-estradiol was 77.3% and 69.8% for progesterone. However, in the absence of hormones the virus production was completely suppressed by those drugs. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. The high concentrations of steroid hormones induce HIV-1 replication and as a result reduce the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs NVP and IDV in vitro. Thus it is advisable for women at high risk of HIV infection to monitor hormone levels that change during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy before prescribing hormonal contraception.</p>HIV-1 subtype A6female hormonesviral replicationantiretroviral drugsВИЧ-1 субтипа А6женские половые гормонывирусная репликацияантиретровирусные препараты[1. ВОЗ. Планирование семьи. Информационный бюллетень. Декабрь 2016 г.][2. ВОЗ. Информационный бюллетень, июль 2018 г.][3. Воронин Е.Е., Афонина Л.Ю., Орлова-Морозова Е.А., Плотникова Ю.К., Радзиховская М.В. Демографические и клинические характеристики ВИЧ-инфицированных женщин в рутинной клинической практике в Российской Федерации: результаты многоцентрового перекрестного неинтервеционного исследования. Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. 2017, 3:42-49.][4. Asin S.N., Heimberg A.M., Eszterhas S.K. et al. Estradioland progesterone regulate HIV type 1 replication in peripheral blood cells. AIDSResearch and Human Retroviruses. 2008, 24(5):701-716.][5. Cabrera-Munoz E., Fuentes-Romero L.L., Zamora-Chavez J. et al. Effects of progesterone on the content of CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors in PBMCs of seropositive and exposed but uninfected Mexican women to HIV-1. J. Steroid Biochemistry and Mol. Biol. 2012, 132:66-72.][6. Heffron R., Mugo N., Ngure K. et al. Hormonal contraceptive use and risk of HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS. 2012, 27:261-267.][7. Lavreys L., Martin H.L. Hormonal contraception and risk of HIV-1 acquisition: results of a 10-year prospective study. AIDS. 2004, 18:695-697.][8. Leclerc P.M., Dubois-Colas N., Garenne M. Hormonal contraception and HIV prevalence in four African countries. Contraception. 2008, 77:371-376.][9. Morrison C.S., Richardson B.A., Mmiro F. et al. Hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV acquisition. AIDS. 2007, 21:85-95.][10. Schultz J.R., Petz L.N., Nardulli A.M. Estrogen receptor alpha and Sp1 regulate progesterone receptor gene expression. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2003, 201:165-75.][11. Stein B., Yang M.X. Repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by estrogen receptor is mediated by NFkappa B and C/EBP beta. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1995,15:4971-4979.][12. WHO. Hormonal contraceptive eligibility for women at high risk of HIV. Guidance statement: Recommendations concerning the use of hormonal contraceptive methods by women at high risk of HIV. December 2016.][13. WHO. Hormonal contraceptive eligibility for women at high risk of HIV. Updated February 2017.]