Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology27510.36233/0372-9311-2018-2-119-126REVIEWSОБЗОРЫA SOME ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EBOLA VIRUS IN NATURAL FOCIESНЕКОТОРЫЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ВИРУСА ЭБОЛА В ПРИРОДНЫХ ОЧАГАХSizikovaT. E.СизиковаТ. Е.
Russian Federation
LebedevV. N.ЛебедевВ. Н.
Russian Federation
KarulinaN. V.КарулинаН. В.
Russian Federation
ChukhralyaO. V.ЧухраляО. В.
Russian Federation
SyromyatnikovaS. I.СыромятниковаС. И.
Russian Federation
BorisevichS. V.БорисевичС. В.
Russian Federation
48 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of the Defenсе of the Russian Federation48 Центральный НИИ МО РФ2804201895211912610042019Copyright ©; 2018, Sizikova T.E., Lebedev V.N., Karulina N.V., Chukhralya O.V., Syromyatnikova S.I., Borisevich S.V.Copyright ©; 2018, Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Карулина Н.В., Чухраля О.В., Сыромятникова С.И., Борисевич С.В.2018Sizikova T.E., Lebedev V.N., Karulina N.V., Chukhralya O.V., Syromyatnikova S.I., Borisevich S.V.Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Карулина Н.В., Чухраля О.В., Сыромятникова С.И., Борисевич С.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/275

Ebola virus that composed Ebolavirus genus of Filoviridae Family causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with high case-fatality rates (up to 90%). The Ebolavirus genus includes Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Reston, Ebola-Tai Forest and Ebola-Bundibugyo viruses. The date about epidemic outbreaks of disease, reservoirs of infection, accidental hosts of Ebola virus are presented in this review. The date about natural reservoirs of infection are accessed only for Ebola-Zaire and Ebola-Reston viruses. For Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Tai Forest and Ebola-Bundibugyo viruses such information is absence. The bats are natural reservoirs for Ebola-Zaire and Ebola-Reston viruses. The formation of natural reservoirs of filoviruses assumes possibilities of existence of several hosts. The interrelation of Ebola virus and their hosts, dynamics of infection are the classical «susceptible-infected-immune» (recovered) cycle. The likely schemes of rises of epidemic outbreaks, caused by Ebola-Zaire virus are suggested.

Вирус Эбола, являющийся представителем рода Ebolavirus семейства Filoviridae, вызывает у человека геморрагическую лихорадку с летальностью до 90 %. Род Ebolavirus включает вирусы Эбола-Заир, Эбола-Судан, вирус Эбола-Рестон, Эбола-Tai Forest и Эбола-Bundibugyo. В обзоре приведены сведения об эпидемических вспышках заболевания, резервуаре инфекции, животных, являющихся «случайными» хозяевами вируса. Данные о природных хозяевах есть только для вирусов Эбола-Заир и Эбола-Рестон. Для вирусов Эбола-Судан, Эбола-Bundibugyo и Эбола-Tai Forest подобная информация отсутствует. Природным резервуаром вирусов Эбола-Заир и Эбола-Рестон являются представители отряда рукокрылых (летучие мыши и крыланы). Процесс формирования природного резервуара филовирусов допускает возможность существования нескольких хозяев. Взаимоотношения возбудителя и хозяев, а также динамика инфекционного процесса соответствуют классической схеме: «чувствительный хозяин - инфицирование - иммунитет». Предложена возможная схема возникновения эпидемических вспышек заболевания, вызываемых вирусом Эбола-Заир.

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