Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology23610.36233/0372-9311-2017-6-95-105REVIEWSОБЗОРЫPNEUMOVIRUSES IN HUMAN INFECTIOUS DISEASESПНЕВМОВИРУСЫ В ИНФЕКЦИОННОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ ЧЕЛОВЕКАYatsyshinaS. B.ЯцышинаС. Б.
Russian Federation
Central Research Institute of EpidemiologyЦентральный НИИ эпидемиологии281220179469510510042019Copyright ©; 2017, Yatsyshina S.B.Copyright ©; 2017, Яцышина С.Б.2017Yatsyshina S.B.Яцышина С.Б.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/236

This review presents the actual data about structure, genetic diversity and pathogenicity factors of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSv) and human metapneumovirus - which are the members of new Pneumoviridae family, according to updated taxonomy accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in 2016. The results of own epidemiological and clinical studies are presented in comparison with literature data. Cyclic recurrence of hRSv circulation was revealed. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hRSv and hMpv infections were compared. The leading role of the hRSv in ARVI in children and the importance of hMpv as an etiological agent of respiratory infection in adults are shown. Significance of both viruses as the agents of the lower respiratory tract infections is emphasized. The factors contributing to the prevalence of the hRSv in children with ARI are analyzed. Prevention measures for these infections are considered.

В обзоре даны современные сведения о строении, генетическом разнообразии и факторах патогенности пневмовирусов - респираторно-синцитиального вируса человека (PC-вируса) и метапневмовируса человека, в связи с образованием нового семейства Pneumoviridae по решению международного совета по таксономии вирусов в 2016 году Представлены результаты собственных клинико-эпидемиологических исследований в сравнении с данными литературы. Выявлена цикличность циркуляции РС-вируса. Проведено сравнение клинико-эпидемиологических характеристик данных инфекций. Показана лидирующая роль PC-вируса при ОРВИ детей и значимость метапневмовируса как этиологического агента респираторной инфекции взрослых. Подчеркивается важная роль обоих вирусов в развитии инфекций нижних отделов дыхательных путей. Проанализированы факторы, способствующие широкой распространенности PC-вируса у больных ОРЗ детей. Рассмотрены аспекты профилактики данных инфекций.

respiratory infectionrespiratory syncytial virusmetapneumovirusepidemiologyреспираторная инфекцияреспираторно-синцитиальный вирусметапневмовирусэпидемиологияЯцышина С.Б., Спичак ТВ., Ким С.С., Воробьева Д.А., Агеева М.Р., Горелов А.В., Учайкин В.Ф., Покровский В.И. Выявление респираторных вирусов и атипичных бактерий у больных пневмонией и здоровых детей за десятилетний период наблюдения. Журнал педиатрии им. Сперанского. 2016, 95 (2): 43-50.Bitko V., Shulyayeva О., Mazumder В. et al. Nonstructural proteins of respiratory syncytial virus suppress premature apoptosis by an NF-kappaB-dependent, interferon-independent mechanism and facilitate virus growth. J. Virol. 2007, 81 (4): 1786-1795.Bont L., Checchia P.A., Fauroux B. et al. Defining the epidemiology and burden of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants and children in Western Countries Infect. Dis. Ther. 2016, 5 (3): 271-298.Bose M.E., He J., Shrivastava S. et al. Sequencing and analysis of globally obtained human respiratory syncytial virus A and В genomes. PLoS One. 2015, 10(3): e0120098. Published online 2015. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120098.Collins P.L., Dickens L.E., Buckler-White A. etal. Nucleotide sequences for the gene junctions of human respiratory syncytial virus reveal distinctive features of intergenic structure and gene order. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1986, 83 (13): 4594-4598.Collins P.L., Feams R., Graham B.S. Respiratory syncytial virus: virology, reverse genetics, and pathogenesis of disease. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 2013, 372: 3-38.Collins P.L., Graham B.S. Viral and host factors in human respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis. J. Virology. 2008, 82 (5): 2040-2055.Collins P.L., Hill M.G., Cristina J. etal. Transcription elongation factor of respiratory syncytial virus, a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1996, 93 (1): 81-85.de Graaf М., Osterhaus A.D., Fouchier R.A. et al. Evolutionary dynamics of human and avian metapneumoviruses. J. Gen. Virol. 2008, 89: 2933-2942.Ditt V., Lusebrink J., Tillmann R. L. et al. Respiratory infections by HMPV and RSV are clinically indistinguishable but induce different host response in aged individuals. PLoS One 2011; 6: el6314.Dokos C., Masjosthusmann K, Rellensmann G. et al. Fatal human metapneumovirus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 2013, 15:97-101.Edwards K.M., Zhu Y, Griffin M.R. et al. New vaccine surveillance network. Burden of human metapneumovirus infection in voung children. New Engl. J. Med. 2013, 368: 633-643.Englund J.A., Boeckh М., Kuypers J. et al. Brief communication: fatal human metapneumovirus infection in stem-cell transplant recipients. Ann. Intern. Med. 2006, 144: 344-349.Eshaghi A., Duvvuri V.R., Lai R. et al. Genetic variability of human respiratory syncytial virus a strains circulating in Ontario: a novel genotype with a 72 nucleotide G gene duplication. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(3):e32807.10.1371 /journal.pone.0032807.Falsey A.R., Singh H.K., Walsh E.E. Serum antibody decay in adults following natural respiratory syncytial virus infection. J. Med. Virol. 2006, 78: 1493-1497.Falsey A.R., Hennessey P.A., Formica M.A. et al. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults. New Engl. J. Med. 2005, 352: 1749-1759.Feams R., Collins PL. Role of the M2-1 transcription antitermination protein of respiratory syncytial virus in sequential transcription. J. Virol. 1999, 73 (7): 5852-5864.Gould P.S., Easton A.J. Coupled translation of the second open reading frame of М2 mRNA is sequence dependent and differs significantly within the subfamily Pneumovirinae. J. Virol. 2007, 81 (16): 8488-8496.Habibi M.S., Jozwik A., Makris S. et al. Mechanisms of severe acute influenza consortium investigators. Impaired antibody-mediated protection and defective IgA В-cell memory in experimental infection of adults with respiratory svncvtial virus. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2015,191:1040-1049.Haerskjold A., Kristensen K., Kamper-torgensen M. et al. Risk factors for hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection: a population-based cohort study of Danish children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2016, 35: 61-65.Hall CB. The burgeoning burden of respiratory syncytial virus among children. Infect. Disord Drug. Targets. 2012,12:92-97.Hall C.B., Walsh E.E., Long C.E. et al. Immunity to and frequency of reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. J. Infect. Dis. 1991,163:693-698.Hall C.B., Weinberg G.A., Iwane M.K. et al. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. New Engl. J. Med. 2009, 360: 588-598.Hasvold J., Sjoding М., Pohl K. et al. The role of human metapneumovirus in the critically ill adult patient. J. Crit. Care. 2016, 31 (1): 233-237.Jansen R.R., Wieringa J., Koekkoek S.M. et al. Frequent detection of respiratory viruses without symptoms: toward defining clinically relevant cutoff values. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2011, 49: 2631-2636.Jartti T, Jartti L., Peltola V. et al. Identification of respiratory viruses in asymptomatic subjects: asymptomatic respiratory viral infections. Pediatr. Infect. Dis J. 2008, 27: 1103-1107.Jeffree C.E., Rixon H.W., Brown G. et al. Distribution of the attachment (G) glycoprotein and GM1 within the envelope of mature respiratory syncytial virus filaments revealed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Virology. 2003, 306 (2): 254-267.Johnson J.E., Gonzales R.A., Olson S.J. et al. The histopathology of fatal untreated human respiratory syncytial virus infection. Modern Pathology. 2007, 20 (1): 108-119.Johnson S.М., McNally B.A., Ioannidis I. et al. Respiratory syncytial virus uses CX3CR1 as a receptor on primary human airway epithelial cultures. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Dec 11; 1 l(12):el005318. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.l005318.Kahn J.S. Epidemiology of human metapneumovirus. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2006, 19: 546-557.Kapikian A.Z., Mitchell R.H., Chanock R.M. et al. An epidemiologic study of altered clinical reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in children previously vaccinated with an inactivated RS virus vaccine. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1969, 89 (4): 405-401.Kim H.W., Canchola J.G., Brandt C.D. et al. Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1969, 89 (4): 422-434.Lamb R.A., Jardetzky T.S. Structural basis of viral invasion: lessons from paramyxoviais F. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2007, 17 (4): 427-436.Lifland A.W., Jung J., Alonas E. et al. Human respiratory syncytial virus nucleoprotein and inclusion bodies antagonize the innate immune response mediated by MDA5 and MAVS. J. Virol. 2012, 86 (15): 8245-8258.Morrison T.G. The three faces of paramyxovirus attachment proteins. Trends Microbiol. 2001, 9 (3): 103-105.Nair H., Nokes D.J., Gessner B.D. et al. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010, 375: 1545-1555.Nolan Т., Boija-Tabora C., Lopez P. et al. Prevalence and incidence of respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral infections in children aged 6 months to 10 years with influenza-like illness enrolled in a randomized trial. Clin. Infec.t Dis. 2015, 11 (60): 80-89.Paes B.A., Mitchell I., Banerji A. et al. A decade of respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology and prophylaxis: Translating evidence into everyday clinical practice Can Respir. J. Published online. 2011,18 (2): el0-el9.Peret T.C., Hall C.B., Schnabel K.C. et al. Circulation patterns of genetically distinct group A and В strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in a community. J. Gen. Virol. 1998, 79 (Pt9): 2221-2229.Ren J., Wang Q., Kolli D. et al. Human metapneumovirus M2-2 protein inhibits innate cellular signalling by targeting MAVS. J. Virol. 2012, 86: 13049-13061.Schildgen V., van den Hoogen B., Fouchier R. et al. Human metapneumovirus: lessons learned over the first decade. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2011, 24 (4): 734-754.Schuster J.E., Williams J.V. Human metapneumovirus. Pediatr. Rev. 2013, Dec; 34 (12): 558-565.Skiadopoulos M.H., Biacchesi S., Buchholz U J. et al. Individual contributions of the human metapneumovirus F, G, and SH surface glycoproteins to the induction of neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity. Virology 2006, 345: 492-501.Spann K.M., Collins P.L., Teng M.N. Genetic recombination during coinfection of two mutants of human respiratory syncytial virus. J. Virol. 2003, 77 (20): 11201-11211.Stein R.T., Bont L.J., Zar H. et al. Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization and mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr. PulmonoL 2017, 52 (4): 556-569.Swedan S., Andrews J., Majumdar T. et al. Multiple functional domains and complexes of the two nonstructural proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus contribute to interferon suppression and cellular location. J. Virol. 2011, 85 (19): 10090-10100.Thorburn K. Pre-existing disease is associated with a significantly higher risk of death in severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. Arch. Dis. Child. 2009, 94: 99-103.Tripp R.A., Jones L.P, Haynes L.M. et al. CX3C chemokine mimicry by respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein. Nat. Immunol. 2001, 2 (8): 732-738.van den Hoogen B.G., de Jong J.C., Groen J. et al. A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease. Nat. Med. 2001, 7: 719-724.van den Hoogen B.G., Herfst S., Sprong L. et al. Antigenic and genetic variability of human metapneumoviruses. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2004, 10: 658-666.Venter М., van Niekerk S., Rakgantso A. et al. Identification of deletion mutant respiratory syncytial virus strains lacking most of the G protein in immunocompromised children with pneumonia in South Africa. J. Virol. 2011, 85 (16): 8453-8457.Williams J.V., Harris P.A., Tollefson S.J. et al. Human metapneumovirus and lower respiratory tract disease in otherwise healthy infants and children. New. Engl. J. Med. 2004, 350: 443-450.Williams J.V., Wang C.K., Yang C.F. et al. The role of human metapneumovirus in upper respiratory tract infections in children: a 20-year experience. J. Infect. Dis. 2006, 193: 387-395.Yang C.F., Wang C.K., Tollefson S.J. et al. Genetic diversity and evolution of human metapneumovirus fusion protein over twenty vears. Virol. J. 2009. 6:138. doi: 10.1186/1743- 422X-6-138.