Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology22810.36233/0372-9311-2017-6-37-42EFFECT OF YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS TOXINS ON THE BIOFILM FORMATIONTerentevaN. A.noemail@neicon.ruPsarevaE. K.noemail@neicon.ruTimchenkoN. F.noemail@neicon.ruGolotinV. A.noemail@neicon.ruRasskazovV. A.noemail@neicon.ruElyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic ChemistrySomov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology28122017946374210042019Copyright © 2017, Terenteva N.A., Psareva E.K., Timchenko N.F., Golotin V.A., Rasskazov V.A.2017Aim. To study the effect of heat-labile (HLTY) and heat-stable (HSTY) lethal toxins of the of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the formation of biofilms by these bacteria. Materials and methods. For the isolation of toxins and the investigation their ability to effect on the biofilm formation there were used the strain of Y. pseudotuberculosis 512 (pYV48Mjl. рУМ82МД) and strain 2517, carrying virulence plasmid pYV and lost it, correspondingly. Results. The stimulation of biofilm formation at 20°C by the strain 2517 (pYV+), carrying virulence plasmid as well as the strain 2517 (pYV-) without plasmid were observed In the presence of HLTY. At low positive temperature (6 - 8°C) HLTY reduces the amount of the formed biofilm. HSTY inhibited the biofilm formation by the both strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis tested during the incubation for 3 days at 20°C and 6 - 8°C. Moreover the extent of inhibition was decreased with temperature decreasing. Conclusion. The both of the Y. pseudotuberculosis protein toxins has been revealed to affect on the biofilm formation by Y. pseudotuberculosis bacteria, however, the impact of HLTY and HSTY in the processes of biofilm formation was shown to be different, and the mechanism of such action of toxinsis under way.Yersinia pseudotuberculosisYersinia pseudotuberculosistoxinsbiofilmтоксиныбиопленка[Видяева Н.А., Ерошенко Г.А., Шавина Н.Ю., Кузнецов О.С., Кутырев В.В. Изучение способности к образованию биопленок у штаммов Y. pestis основного и неосновного подвидов. Журн. микробиол. 2009, 5: 13-19.][Псарева Е.К., Собянин К.А., Ермолаева С.А., Тимченко Н.Ф. Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика цитотоксического некротизирующего фактора Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Российский иммунологический журнал. 2015, 9 (2): 602-603.][Романова Ю.М., Гинпбург АЛ. Бактериальные биопленки как естественная форма существования бактерий в окружающей среде и организме хозяина. Журн. микробиол. 2011, 33: 99-109.][Терентьева Н.А., Тимченко Н.Ф., Балабанова JLА., Рассказов В.А. Характеристика образования, ингибирования и разрушения биопленок Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, формирующихся на абиотических поверхностях. Журн. микробиол. 2015, 3: 72-78.][Терентьева, Н.А. Тимченко Н.Ф., Голотин В.А., Рассказов В.А. Биологическая активность токсинов Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Журн. микробиол. 2016, 6: 10-19.][ТимченкоН.Ф., Недашковская Е.П., Долматова JI.С., Сомова-ИсачковаЛ.М. Токсины Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Владивосток, 2004.][Comelis G.R. Yersinia type III secretion: send in the effectors. J. Cell. Biology. 2002, 158 (3): 401-408][Costerton J.W., Stewart P.S., Greenberg E.P. Bacterial biofilms:a common cause of persistent infections. Science. 1999, 284: 1318-1322.][Flemming H.C. EPS - then and now. Microorganisms. 2016, (4): 4. pii: E41 PMID: 27869702.][Herrera A., Vu B.G., Stach C.S. et al. Staphylococcus aureus (i-toxin mutants are defective in biofilm ligase and sphingomyelinase activity, and causation of infective endocarditis and sepsis. Biochemistry. 2016, 55 (17): 2510-2517. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00083.][Huseby M.J., Kruse A. C., Digre J. et al. Beta toxin catalyzes formation of nucleoprotein matrix in staphylococcal biofilms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2010, 107: 14407-14412.][Lister J.L., Horswill A.R. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: recent developments in biofilm dispersal. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2014, 4: 178.][Schweer J., Kulkami D., Kochut A. et al. The cytotoxic necrotizing factor of Yersinia pseudo-tuberculosis (CNFY) enhances inflammation and Yop delivery during infection by activation ofRho GTPases. PLoS Pathog. 2013, 9 (11): el003746. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat. 1003746.][Shak J.R., Ludewick H.P., Howery K.E. et al. Novel role for the Streptococcus pneumoniae toxin pneumolysin in the assembly of biofilms. MBio. 2013, 4 (5): e00655-13. doi: 10.1128/ mBio.00655-13.][Wen Y., Behiels E., Devreese B. Toxin-Antitoxin systems: their role in persistence, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity. Pathog. Dis. 2014, 70 (3): 240-249. doi: 10.1111 /2049-632X. 12145.]