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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19142</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-869</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">SBGVPK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Monoclonal antibodies to the B subunit of ricin: development and evaluation of potential applications for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Моноклональные антитела к В-субъединице рицина: разработка и оценка потенциала применения в диагностических и терапевтических целях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1829-7871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lutcheva</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лутчева</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Molecular biology laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. лаб. молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>ira.gravdan2809@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-3263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogozin</surname><given-names>Metkhun M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогозин</surname><given-names>Метхун Мадибронович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Molecular biology laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. лаб. молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>rogozin666@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-292X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zeninskaya</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зенинская</surname><given-names>Наталья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Molecular biology laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н. с. лаб. молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>nataliazeninskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3159-6439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartseva</surname><given-names>Alyona S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карцева</surname><given-names>Алена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, Molecular biology laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, с. н. с. лаб. молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>kartseva_as@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4908-2524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashchenko</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иващенко</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.) researcher, Molecular biology laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, н. с. лаб. молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>ivaschenko@obolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-909X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabko</surname><given-names>Alyona K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябко</surname><given-names>Алена Константиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Molecular biology laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н. с. лаб. молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>ryabko_alena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0463-7925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershova</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Molecular biology laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. лаб. молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>anastasiia.yershova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6309-7645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borzilov</surname><given-names>Alexander I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борзилов</surname><given-names>Александр Иосифович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), eading researcher, Laboratory of biological testing</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, в. н. с. лаб. биологических испытаний</p></bio><email>borzilov@obolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0629-1519</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pereskokova</surname><given-names>Evgeniya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перескокова</surname><given-names>Евгения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of biological testing</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. лаб. биологических испытаний</p></bio><email>pereskokova@obolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7068-3236</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробова</surname><given-names>Ольга Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, Laboratory of biological testing</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, с. н. с. лаб. биологических испытаний</p></bio><email>korobova@obolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Firstova</surname><given-names>Victoria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фирстова</surname><given-names>Виктория Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), chief researcher, Molecular biology laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, г. н. с. лаб. молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>firstova@obolensk.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>495</fpage><lpage>506</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-19"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Lutcheva I.S., Rogozin M.M., Zeninskaya N.A., Kartseva A.S., Ivashchenko T.A., Ryabko A.K., Ershova A.A., Borzilov A.I., Pereskokova E.S., Korobova O.V., Firstova V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Лутчева И.С., Рогозин М.М., Зенинская Н.А., Карцева А.С., Иващенко Т.А., Рябко А.К., Ершова А.А., Борзилов А.И., Перескокова Е.С., Коробова О.В., Фирстова В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lutcheva I.S., Rogozin M.M., Zeninskaya N.A., Kartseva A.S., Ivashchenko T.A., Ryabko A.K., Ershova A.A., Borzilov A.I., Pereskokova E.S., Korobova O.V., Firstova V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лутчева И.С., Рогозин М.М., Зенинская Н.А., Карцева А.С., Иващенко Т.А., Рябко А.К., Ершова А.А., Борзилов А.И., Перескокова Е.С., Коробова О.В., Фирстова В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19142">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19142</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introducion. </bold>Ricin is a glycoprotein phytotoxin that is characterised by high toxicity and relatively simple extraction methods. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against ricin represent a key component in the development of immunodiagnostic test systems and preparations for the specific prevention and treatment of toxin poisoning.</p> <p><bold>The aim </bold>of the present study was to obtain and characterise mouse monoclonal antibodies specific to the ricin B subunit.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Monoclonal antibodies were produced using a hybridoma technology, with the recombinant ricin B subunit (RTB) having been used as the antigen for immunising BALB/c mice. Hybridisation was performed by electrofusion, using the Sp2/0-Ag14 myeloma cell line as the partner cells. The stable hybridoma production was then carried out <italic>in vivo</italic> in mice. The specificity of the obtained mAbs was then assessed by Western blotting against RTB and native ricin. The parameters of the affinity interaction between the obtained antibodies and RTB were determined by surface plasmon resonance. The selection of the optimal antibodies pair for RTB detection was determined using a sandwich-format enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to assess the neutralising activity of the antibodies against ricin, <italic>in vitro</italic> tests were carried out using the Vero В cell line, and <italic>in vivo</italic> tests were conducted using a mouse model.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Consequently, 13 mAbs specific to RTB and ricin were obtained and characterised. Following a thorough evaluation of the strength of affinity interaction and the selection of optimal antibody combinations for RTB detection, it was determined that four mAbs (RTB-F1-2, RTB-F1-16, RTB-F2-10 and RTB-F5-1) were identified as promising candidates for the purpose of developing diagnostic test systems. mAbs RTB-F1-15, RTB-F1-16, RTB-F2-10 and RTB-F5-1 demonstrated significant neutralising activity in <italic>in vitro</italic> tests against ricin at a dose of 8 × IC<sub>50</sub>. Intravenous administration of the mAbs RTB-F2-10 ensured 100% survival of mice following intraperitoneal ricin intoxication at a dose of 3 × LD<sub>50</sub>.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The feasibility of utilising high-affinity mAbs (RTB-F1-2, RTB-F1-16, RTB-F2-10 and RTB-F5-1) for the design of diagnostic test systems has been demonstrated through experimental means. The data obtained on the neutralising properties of the mAb RTB-F2-10 in <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> tests allows it to be considered as a basis for the development of a therapeutic agent using chimerisation and humanisation strategies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Рицин — гликопротеидный фитотоксин, характеризующийся высокой токсичностью и относительно простыми методами экстракции. Моноклональные антитела (МКА) к рицину являются ключевым компонентом в разработке иммунодиагностических тест-систем и препаратов для специфической профилактики и лечения отравлений токсином.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования<bold> </bold>—<bold> </bold>получение и характеристика мышиных МКА, специфичных к субъединице В рицина.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>МКА получали с использованием гибридомной технологии, используя в качестве антигена для иммунизации мышей линии BALB/c рекомбинантную субъединицу В (RTB) рицина. Гибридизацию проводили методом электрослияния, в качестве клеток-партнёров использовали миеломную клеточную линию Sp2/0-Ag14. Наработку стабильных гибридом проводили <italic>in vivo</italic> в организме мышей. Специфичность полученных МКА оценивали методом вестерн-блоттинга в отношении RTB и нативного рицина. Параметры аффинного взаимодействия полученных МКА с RTB определяли методом поверхностного плазмонного резонанса. Оптимальную пару МКА для детекции RTB определяли при помощи иммуноферментного анализа сэндвич-формата. Нейтрализующую активность МКА в отношении рицина оценивали в тестах <italic>in vitro</italic> с использованием клеточной линии Vero В и в тестах <italic>in vivo</italic> на мышиной модели.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Получены и охарактеризованы 13 МКА, специфичных к RTB и рицину. На основании определения силы аффинного взаимодействия и подбора оптимальных комбинаций антител для детекции RTB 4 МКА (RTB-F1-2, RTB-F1-16, RTB-F2-10 и RTB-F5-1) определены как перспективные кандидаты для конструирования диагностических тест-систем. МКА RTB-F1-15, RTB-F1-16, RTB-F2-10 и RTB-F5-1 проявляли выраженную нейтрализующую активность в тестах <italic>in vitro</italic> в отношении рицина в дозе 8 × IС<sub>50</sub>. Внутривенное введение МКА RTB-F2-10 обеспечивало 100% выживаемость мышей от внутрибрюшинной интоксикации рицином в дозе 3 × ЛД<sub>50</sub>.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Экспериментально доказана возможность использования высокоаффинных МКА для конструирования диагностических тест-систем. Полученные данные о нейтрализующих свойствах МКА RTB-F2-10 в тестах <italic>in vitro </italic>и <italic>in vivo</italic> позволяют рассматривать его в качестве основы для разработки терапевтического препарата с использованием подходов химеризации и гуманизации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>monoclonal antibody</kwd><kwd>ricin</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>bioterrorism</kwd><kwd>toxin neutralisation</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моноклональное антитело</kwd><kwd>рицин</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>биотерроризм</kwd><kwd>нейтрализация токсина</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>СЩ_3</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out as part of the SSCH_3 R&amp;D project on a state assignment at the State Scientific Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology at a unique scientific facility of the SSC PMB</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках НИОКР СЩ_3 по Государственному заданию в ГНЦ прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Сокурова А.М. 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