Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology1913110.36233/0372-9311-834HBCAJXREVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleThe possibilities of using HIV-1 molecular cluster analysis to study the epidemic process of HIV infectionВозможности применения анализа молекулярных кластеров ВИЧ-1 для изучения эпидемического процесса ВИЧ-инфекцииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044AkimkinVasily G.АкимкинВасилий Геннадьевич
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Full Member of RAS, Director

д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор

crie@pcr.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-0138KirichenkoAlina A.КириченкоАлина Алексеевна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, HIV diagnostic and molecular epidemiology laboratory

канд. мед. наук, с. н. с. лаб. диагностики и молекулярной эпидемиологии ВИЧ-инфекции

kirichenko@cmd.suhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-2379KireevDmitry E.КиреевДмитрий Евгеньевич
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head, HIV diagnostic and molecular epidemiology laboratory

д-р мед. наук, зав. лаб. диагностики и молекулярной эпидемиологии ВИЧ-инфекции

dmitkireev@yandex.ruCentral Research Institute of EpidemiologyФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора1305202610321611701105202611052026Copyright ©; 2026, Akimkin V.G., Kirichenko A.A., Kireev D.E.Copyright ©; 2026, Акимкин В.Г., Кириченко А.А., Киреев Д.Е.2026Akimkin V.G., Kirichenko A.A., Kireev D.E.Акимкин В.Г., Кириченко А.А., Киреев Д.Е.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19131

Surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has a number of limitations related to the long-term asymptomatic course of the disease, a high level of stigmatization of HIV-infected individuals, as well as the difficulty of collecting information on the mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission. In these conditions, genomic surveillance is becoming important, which allows for obtaining objective data on the structure and dynamics of the epidemic process. One of the main tools of genomic surveillance is the analysis of HIV-1 molecular clusters. This review presents the possibilities of using the analysis of HIV-1 molecular clusters to study the features of the epidemic process of HIV infection, as well as describes the methodological and ethical aspects of using this method in the system of surveillance of HIV infection.

Проведение эпидемиологического надзора за инфекцией, вызванной вирусом иммунодефицита человека 1-го типа (ВИЧ-1), имеет ряд ограничений, связанных с длительным бессимптомным течением заболевания, высоким уровнем стигматизации ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц, а также со сложностью сбора информации о механизмах передачи ВИЧ-1. В этих условиях важное значение приобретает геномный эпидемиологический надзор, позволяющий получать объективные данные о структуре и динамике эпидемического процесса. Одним из основных инструментов геномного эпидемиологического надзора является анализ молекулярных кластеров ВИЧ-1. В настоящем обзоре представлены возможности применения анализа молекулярных кластеров ВИЧ-1 для изучения особенностей эпидемического процесса ВИЧ-инфекции, а также описаны методологические и этические аспекты использования данного метода в системе эпидемиологического надзора за ВИЧ-инфекцией.

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