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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19127</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-863</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZKSKEZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiological surveillance for poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis in the Russian Federation in 2013–2024</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиологический надзор за полиомиелитом и острыми вялыми параличами в Российской Федерации в 2013–2024 годах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4895-8712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>Yulia М.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Юлия Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>epidemiologist, Department of epidemiological surveillance</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эпидемиолог отдела обеспечения эпидемиологического надзора</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>mikhailovaym@fcgie.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7092-0836</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chirova</surname><given-names>Alina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чирова</surname><given-names>Алина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>epidemiologist, Department of epidemiological surveillance</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эпидемиолог отдела обеспечения эпидемиологического надзора</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>chirovaav@fcgie.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0046-5612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherepanova</surname><given-names>Evgeniya А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черепанова</surname><given-names>Евгения Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy head, Department of epidemiological surveillance</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зам. зав. отд. обеспечения эпидемиологического надзора</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>cherepanovaea@fcgie.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2935-0520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Надежда Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head, Department of epidemiological surveillance</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. отд. обеспечения эпидемиологического надзора</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>morozova.n.s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-3631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakaryan</surname><given-names>Armen К.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакарян</surname><given-names>Армен Каренович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Clinical department; Assistant, Department of infectious diseases in children</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н. с. клинического отдела; ассистент каф. инфекционных болезней у детей</p>
<p> </p></bio><email>armen2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-1035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlovskaya</surname><given-names>Liubov I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козловская</surname><given-names>Любовь Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory poliomyelitis and other enterovirus infections with the WHO Reference center for the surveillance for poliomyelitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, рук. лаб. полиомиелита и других энтеровирусных инфекций с референс-центром ВОЗ по надзору за полиомиелитом</p></bio><email>kozlovskaya_li@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-4827</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Olga E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Ольга Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory poliomyelitis and other enterovirus infections with the WHO Reference center for the surveillance for poliomyelitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, в. н. с. лаб. полиомиелита и других энтеровирусных инфекций с референс-центром ВОЗ по надзору за полиомиелитом</p></bio><email>ivanova_oe@chumakovs.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУЗ «Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chumakov Federal Scientific Centre for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of poliomyelitis)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАНУ «Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М.П. Чумакова РАН» (Институт полиомиелита)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>297</fpage><lpage>310</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Mikhailova Y.М., Chirova A.V., Cherepanova E.А., Morozova N.S., Shakaryan A.К., Kozlovskaya L.I., Ivanova O.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Михайлова Ю.М., Чирова А.В., Черепанова Е.А., Морозова Н.С., Шакарян А.К., Козловская Л.И., Иванова О.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhailova Y.М., Chirova A.V., Cherepanova E.А., Morozova N.S., Shakaryan A.К., Kozlovskaya L.I., Ivanova O.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михайлова Ю.М., Чирова А.В., Черепанова Е.А., Морозова Н.С., Шакарян А.К., Козловская Л.И., Иванова О.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19127">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19127</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The goal of the WHO Global Polio Eradication Initiative has not yet been solved, and the surveillance of diseases with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) remains its key element. It is still relevant for ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of Russia.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> analysis of indicators and results of polio/AFP surveillance in 2013-2024 for purposes of surveillance quality assessment and improvement.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Information on surveillance indicators and results of virological investigation was obtained in national reporting documents.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Over 12 years, 5,016 cases of AFP have been registered. Surveillance quality indicators were generally in line with WHO recommendations, but the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the detection of AFP cases at the clinical level. The majority of patients were children under 5 years of age (50.54%), boys (58.8%), the majority (82.46%) were vaccinated against polio. Polioviruses (PV) were isolated from 1.85% of cases, PV3 (48.4%) prevailed, non-polio enteroviruses — from 1.46% cases, CVB1–6 (34.9%) and EV-A71 (17.5%) were predominant. The majority of AFP cases (30.78%) were polyradiculoneuropathies, 34 cases (0.68%) were poliomyelitis. The occurrence of 30 cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis was associated with violations of sanitary and epidemiological requirements for its prevention. Four cases were associated with PV of vaccine origin (VDPV) types 1 and 3. The "age" of VDPVs corresponded to 1-2 years of circulation, there was no genetic evidence of human-to-human transmission.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> High level of polio/AFP surveillance in Russia allowed to identify epidemiologically significant PVs and timely carry out anti-epidemic measures. The continuing threat of the international spread of poliomyelitis is the basis for future improving surveillance. The surveillance platform provides information about other (non-polio) pathogens that cause diseases with AFP syndrome.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Задача Глобальной программы ликвидации полиомиелита (ПМ) ВОЗ всё ещё не решена, эпиднадзор за заболеваниями с синдромом острого вялого паралича (ОВП) остаётся её ключевым элементом. Он сохраняет актуальность для обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия России.</p> <p><bold>Цель: </bold>анализ показателей и результатов надзора за ПМ/ОВП в 2013–2024 гг. для оценки качества и совершенствования надзора.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Изучены сведения о показателях надзора и результатах вирусологических исследований, представленные в национальных отчётных документах.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> За 12 лет зарегистрировано 5016 случаев ОВП. Показатели качества надзора в целом соответствовали рекомендованным ВОЗ, однако пандемия COVID-19 оказала отрицательное влияние на выявление случаев ОВП на уровне клинического звена. Среди больных преобладали дети до 5 лет (50,54%), мальчики (58,8%), большинство (82,46%) были привиты против ПМ. Полиовирусы (ПВ) выделили в 1,85% случаев, преобладал ПВ3 (48,4%), неполиомиелитные (неполио) энтеровирусы — в 1,46% случаев, превалировали CVB1–6 (34,9%) и EV-A71 (17,5%). Большинство случаев ОВП (30,78%) составили поли(радикуло)нейропатии, ПМ — 0,68% (34 случая). Возникновение случаев (30) вакциноассоциированного паралитического ПМ связано с нарушением санитарно-эпидемиологических требований по его профилактике. Четыре случая были связаны с ПВ вакцинного происхождения (ПВВП) 1 и 3. «Возраст» ПВВП соответствовал 1–2 годам циркуляции, отсутствовали генетические доказательства передачи от человека к человеку.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Высокий уровень эпиднадзора за ПМ/ОВП в России позволил выявить эпидемиологически значимые ПВ и своевременно провести противоэпидемические мероприятия. Сохраняющаяся угроза международного распространения ПМ является основанием для дальнейшего совершенствования надзора. Платформа надзора предоставляет сведения о других (неполио) возбудителях, вызывающих заболевания с синдромом ОВП.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>poliomyelitis</kwd><kwd>acute flaccid paralysis</kwd><kwd>wild poliovirus</kwd><kwd>vaccine-derived poliovirus</kwd><kwd>epidemiological surveillance</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиомиелит</kwd><kwd>острые вялые параличи</kwd><kwd>дикий полиовирус</kwd><kwd>полиовирус вакцинного происхождения</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологический надзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wassilak S.G.F., Mohamed A., Bigouette J.P. Impediments to progress toward polio eradication during 2014–2024. Vaccines (Basel). 2025;13(10):1060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13101060 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/lbqahe</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Иванова О.Е., Михайлова Ю.М., Козловская Л.И., Малеев В.В. 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