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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19109</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-852</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TMSCWU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparison of the genetic profiles of <italic>Burkholderia cenocepacia</italic> in patients with cystic fibrosis before and during targeted therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнение генетических профилей <italic>Burkholderia cenocepacia</italic> у пациентов с муковисцидозом до и на фоне применения таргетной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-1006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhovmardova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джовмардова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, Department of medical microbiology and immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. медицинской микробиологии и иммунологии</p></bio><email>katemed96@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1954-9245</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Strazhina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стражина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>specialist, Laboratory of educational technologies in genetics, microbiology and laboratory diagnostics, Professional Center for Education and Research in Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>специалист лаб. образовательных технологий в генетике, микробиологии и лабораторной диагностике Научно-образовательного профессионального центра генетических и лабораторных технологий</p></bio><email>e.a.strajina@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7750-9468</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratenko</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратенко</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of medical microbiology and immunology, Head, Laboratory of educational technologies in genetics, microbiology and laboratory diagnostics, Professional Center for Education and Research in Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, зав. каф. медицинской микробиологии и иммунологии, зав. лаб. образовательных технологий в генетике, микробиологии и лабораторной диагностике Научно-образовательного профессионального центра генетических и лабораторных технологий</p></bio><email>o.v.kondratenko@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1639-1775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalevskiy</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залевский</surname><given-names>Игорь Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>biologist, Laboratory of genetic technologies in microbiology, Scientific and Educational Professional Center for Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биолог лаб. генетических технологий в микробиологии Научно-образовательного профессионального центра генетических и лабораторных технологий</p></bio><email>i.v.zalevskiy@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-6750</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokorev</surname><given-names>Daniil A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокорев</surname><given-names>Даниил Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of genetic technologies in microbiology, Professional Center for Education and Research in Genetic and Laboratory Technologies, Assistant Professor, Chair of medical microbiology and immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. лаб. генетических технологий в микробиологии Научно-образовательного профессионального центра генетических и лабораторных технологий, ассистент каф. медицинской микробиологии и иммунологии</p></bio><email>d.a.kokorev@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9759-9944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>Artem E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>Артем Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>specialist, BigData analysis laboratory, collection of microorganisms, biobank, Scientific and Educational Professional Center for Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>специалист лаб. анализа BigData, коллекция микроорганизмов, биобанк Научно-образовательного профессионального центра генетических и лабораторных технологий</p></bio><email>a.e.ponomonarev@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2151-6511</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zarov</surname><given-names>Evgenii V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заров</surname><given-names>Евгений Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Specialist, Laboratory of the immunological research methods, Professional Center for Education and Research in Genetic and Laboratory Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>специалист лаб. иммунологических методов исследования Научно-образовательного профессионального центра генетических и лабораторных технологий</p></bio><email>e.v.zarov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>516</fpage><lpage>529</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Dzhovmardova E.D., Strazhina E.A., Kondratenko O.V., Zalevskiy I.V., Kokorev D.A., Ponomarev A.E., Zarov E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Джовмардова Е.Д., Стражина Е.А., Кондратенко О.В., Залевский И.В., Кокорев Д.А., Пономарев А.Е., Заров Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dzhovmardova E.D., Strazhina E.A., Kondratenko O.V., Zalevskiy I.V., Kokorev D.A., Ponomarev A.E., Zarov E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Джовмардова Е.Д., Стражина Е.А., Кондратенко О.В., Залевский И.В., Кокорев Д.А., Пономарев А.Е., Заров Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19109">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19109</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene and characterized by involvement of the exocrine glands. Of particular clinical importance for patients with cystic fibrosis are bacteria <italic>Burkholderia cenocepacia</italic>, due to their propensity for persistence and the development of chronic lower respiratory tract infection, which remains the leading cause of death in this patient population.</p> <p>The <bold>aim</bold> of the study was to analyze the presence of genetic determinants associated with the production of pathogenicity factors in <italic>B. cenocepacia</italic> isolates from respiratory samples of patients with cystic fibrosis before the start of targeted therapy and for 36 months after its start, regardless of the specific type of targeted therapy.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> 151 <italic>B. cenocepacia</italic> isolates from respiratory samples of 12 patients with cystic fibrosis in the Samara Region were studied, while 32 isolates (21.2%) were isolated from patients before the start of targeted therapy, and 119 (78.8%) after its start for 36 months. The genetic profiles of the strains were analyzed for the presence of 13 genes associated with the production of a number of <italic>B. cenocepacia</italic> pathogenicity factors of different groups: <italic>fliC</italic>, <italic>fliJ</italic>, <italic>rpoN</italic>, <italic>shvR</italic>, <italic>luxR</italic>, <italic>atsR</italic>, <italic>rpfF</italic>, <italic>katA</italic>, <italic>katB</italic>, <italic>hppD</italic>, <italic>mgtC</italic>, <italic>zmpA</italic>, <italic>zmpB</italic>. At the second stage of the study, the occurrence of combinations of genes grouped by their functions was assessed: genes associated with bacterial motility and adhesion (<italic>fliC</italic>, <italic>fliJ</italic>, <italic>rpoN</italic>, <italic>shvR</italic>); genes associated with quorum sensing systems and biofilm formation (<italic>shvR</italic>, <italic>luxR</italic>, <italic>atsR</italic>, <italic>rpfF</italic>); genes encoding virulence factors associated with evasion of the immune response, tissue damage and existence in conditions of micronutrient deficiency (<italic>katA</italic>, <italic>katB</italic>, <italic>hppD</italic>, <italic>mgtC</italic>, <italic>zmpA</italic>, <italic>zmpB</italic>).</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> During targeted therapy, a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of <italic>katA</italic> genes (associated with protection against peroxide under iron-deficient conditions) and the ability to grow in the presence of carbon sources was observed (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). The <italic>mgtC</italic>-<italic>fliC</italic> gene combination, associated with survival inside macrophages and loss of motility, was found in 25.0% of isolates before targeted therapy and increased to 45.4% of isolates during targeted therapy, with statistically significant differences.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Against the background of targeted therapy, there is a tendency to increase the frequency of strains with genes associated with the possibility of survival inside phagocytes and resistance to oxidative stress (<italic>katA</italic>, <italic>katB</italic>, <italic>mgtC</italic>, <italic>rpfF</italic>, <italic>zmpA</italic>, <italic>zmpB</italic>). In isolates obtained against the background of targeted therapy, there was no significant change in the occurrence of regulatory genes for <italic>quorum sensing</italic> systems and biofilm formation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Муковисцидоз (МВ) — генетическое аутосомно-рецессивное заболевание, вызываемое мутацией гена <italic>CFTR</italic> и проявляющееся поражением экзокринных желез. Особое клиническое значение для пациентов с МВ имеют бактерии <italic>Burkholderia cenocepacia </italic>из-за их склонности к персистенции и развитию<italic> </italic>хронической инфекции нижних дыхательных путей, которая остается ведущей причиной смерти данной категории пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Целью</bold> исследования стал анализ наличия генетических детерминант, ассоциированных с продукцией факторов патогенности, у изолятов <italic>B. cenocepacia</italic>, выделенных из респираторных образцов пациентов с МВ до начала таргетной терапии и в течение 36 мес после её начала независимо от конкретного вида таргетной терапии.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Исследован 151 изолят <italic>B. cenocepacia</italic>, выделенный из респираторных образцов 12 пациентов Самарской области с МВ, при этом 32 (21,2%) изолята выделены от пациентов до начала применения таргетной терапии, а 119 (78,8%) — после её начала на протяжении 36 мес. Независимо от комбинации препаратов таргетной терапии был проведён анализ генетических профилей штаммов на наличие 13 генов, ассоциированных с продукцией ряда факторов патогенности <italic>B. cenocepacia</italic>: <italic>fliC</italic>, <italic>fliJ, rpoN, shvR</italic>, <italic>luxR</italic>, <italic>atsR</italic>, <italic>rpfF, katA</italic>, <italic>katB</italic>, <italic>hppD</italic>, <italic>mgtC, zmpA</italic>, <italic>zmpB. </italic>На втором этапе исследования была проведена оценка встречаемости комбинаций генов, сгруппированных по выполняемым функциям: гены, связанные с бактериальной подвижностью и адгезией (<italic>fliC</italic>, <italic>fliJ</italic>, <italic>rpoN, shvR</italic>); гены, связанные с системами <italic>quorum sensing</italic> и биоплёнкообразованием (<italic>shvR</italic>, <italic>luxR</italic>, <italic>atsR</italic>, <italic>rpfF</italic>); гены, кодирующие факторы вирулентности, ассоциированные с уклонением от иммунного ответа, повреждением тканей и существованием в условиях дефицита микроэлементов (<italic>katA</italic>, <italic>katB</italic>, <italic>hppD</italic>, <italic>mgtC</italic>, <italic>zmpA</italic>, <italic>zmpB</italic>).</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>На фоне таргетной терапии выявлено статистически значимое увеличение распространённости генов <italic>katA</italic>, связанных с защитой от действия перекиси в условиях дефицита железа, а также способности к росту в присутствии источников углерода (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,05). Комбинация генов <italic>mgtC</italic>-<italic>fliC</italic>, ассоциированная с выживанием в макрофагах и потерей подвижности, встречалась у 25,0% изолятов до применения таргетной терапии с повышением значений до 45,4% штаммов на её фоне, что сопровождалось достоверными различиями.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>На фоне таргетной терапии отмечается тенденция к увеличению частоты встречаемости штаммов с генами, ассоциированными с возможностью выживания внутри фагоцитов и устойчивостью к окислительному стрессу (<italic>katA</italic>, <italic>katB</italic>, <italic>mgtC</italic>, <italic>rpfF</italic>, <italic>zmpA</italic>, <italic>zmpB</italic>). У изолятов, выделенных на фоне применения таргетной терапии, не наблюдалось значимого изменения встречаемости генов-регуляторов систем <italic>quorum sensing</italic> и образования биоплёнки.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cystic fibrosis</kwd><kwd>Burkholderia cenocepacia</kwd><kwd>pathogenicity factors</kwd><kwd>genetic determinants</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>муковисцидоз</kwd><kwd>Burkholderia cenocepacia</kwd><kwd>факторы патогенности</kwd><kwd>генетические детерминанты</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Petrova N.V., Kashirskaya N.Y., Vasilyeva T.A., et al. Analysis of CFTR mutation spectrum in ethnic russian cystic fibrosis patients. Genes (Basel). 2020;11(5):554. 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