Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology1905010.36233/0372-9311-808TFQCRPREVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleCurrent state of monkeypox vaccine developmentСовременное состояние разработок вакцин против оспы обезьянhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2037-888XSulginAlexander A.СульгинАлександр Андреевич
Russian Federation

intern-researcher, Department of bioengineering

стажёр-исследователь отдела биоинженерии

sulgin_aa@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5356-0843IlyichevAlexander A.ИльичёвАлександр Алексеевич
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, chief researcher, Department of bioengineering

д-р биол. наук, профессор, г. н. с. отдела биоинженерии

ilyichev@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-6900-9498AzaevMamedyar Sh.АзаевМамедьяр Шакирович
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Department of scientific and methodological training of personnel

д-р биол. наук, зав. отд. научно-методической подготовки персонала

azaev@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4365-8809KarpenkoLarisa I.КарпенкоЛариса Ивановна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher, Head, Laboratory of recombinant vaccines, Department of bioengineering

д-р биол. наук, в. н. с., зав. лаб. рекомбинантных вакцин отдела биоинженерии

karpenko@vector.nsc.ruState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector»ФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии "Вектор"» Роспотребнадзора02102026103455457208022026Copyright ©; 2026, Sulgin A.A., Ilyichev A.A., Azaev M.S., Karpenko L.I.Copyright ©; 2026, Сульгин А.А., Ильичев А.А., Азаев М.Ш., Карпенко Л.И.2026Sulgin A.A., Ilyichev A.A., Azaev M.S., Karpenko L.I.Сульгин А.А., Ильичев А.А., Азаев М.Ш., Карпенко Л.И.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19050

The global monkeypox outbreak in 2022, which affected more than 120 countries, marked the transition of this disease from an endemic condition to a global public-health threat. A decline in herd immunity following cessation of routine smallpox vaccination, together with the insufficiency of existing vaccines, underscores the necessity for development of new immunoprophylactic measures against monkeypox.

The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence on contemporary candidate vaccines against monkeypox developed using different approaches.

To prepare this review, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and RSCI up to August 2025. The following keywords were used: MPXV, Monkeypox, vaccine, monkeypox virus.

The review addresses both classical live attenuated vaccinia virus-based vaccines, previously approved for prevention of monkeypox, and vaccines being developed using recombinant technologies, including DNA and mRNA vaccines. Their immunological characteristics, safety profiles, and potential for further clinical application are presented.

Эпидемия оспы обезьян в 2022 г., охватившая более 120 стран, ознаменовала переход этого заболевания из категории эндемичных в разряд глобальных угроз здравоохранению. Снижение популяционного иммунитета вследствие прекращения вакцинации против натуральной оспы и недостатки существующих вакцин обусловливают необходимость разработки новых средств иммунопрофилактики оспы обезьян.

Цель обзора — систематизация данных о современных разработках вакцин против оспы обезьян на основе различных платформенных технологий.

При подготовке обзора был проведён анализ литературы, представленной в базах PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Google Scholar и RSCI по состоянию на август 2025 г. Для поиска использовали следующие ключевые слова: MPXV, Monkeypox, vaccine, вирус оспы обезьян.

В обзоре рассмотрены как классические живые аттенуированные вакцины на основе вируса осповакцины, одобренные для профилактики оспы обезьян, так и вакцины, создаваемые с помощью рекомбинантных технологий, включая ДНК- и мРНК-вакцины. Представлены их иммунологические характеристики, безопасность и потенциал для дальнейшего клинического применения.

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