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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19021</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-796</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZJNJTR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">DNA operon structure optimization for the expression of fluorescent proteins in mycobacteria</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оптимизация структуры ДНК-оперона для экспрессии флуоресцентных белков в микобактериях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1911-4668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yolov</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ёлов</surname><given-names>Андрей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Cand. Sci. (Chem.), leading researcher, Laboratory of immunopathology and immunodiagnostics of tuberculosis infection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, канд. хим. наук, в. н. с. лаб. иммунопатологии и иммунодиагностики туберкулёзной инфекции</p></bio><email>anyol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-5933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>Vadim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Вадим Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Laboratory of immunopathology and immunodiagnostics of tuberculosis infection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н. с. научной лаб. иммунопатологии и иммунодиагностики туберкулёзной инфекции</p></bio><email>vadim.avdeev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-9777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilova</surname><given-names>Anastasia G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зам. директора</p></bio><email>a.samoilova.nmrc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-7955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Ирина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор</p></bio><email>nmrc@nmrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>332</fpage><lpage>340</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-14"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Yolov A.A., Avdeev V.V., Samoilova A.G., Vasilyeva I.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Ёлов А.А., Авдеев В.В., Самойлова А.Г., Васильева И.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yolov A.A., Avdeev V.V., Samoilova A.G., Vasilyeva I.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ёлов А.А., Авдеев В.В., Самойлова А.Г., Васильева И.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19021">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19021</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The use of bacteriophage derivatives, whose growth indicator is a fluorescent signal (fluorophages), seems to be very promising in microbiological analyses. The first mandatory stage of their design (in particular, of fluoromycobacteriophages) is the optimization of the structure of the fluorescent protein operon (FPO) with control of its ability to provide fluorescence of mycobacteria</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study</bold> is to construct different variants of FPO in plasmids and compare their expression in mycobacteria by the magnitude of the fluorescent signal.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> As part of the pMind plasmid, which is capable of replicating in both <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> and mycobacteria, FPOs of different structures with the hsp60 promoter producing the TurboGFP protein have been constructed using conventional genetic engineering methods. Plasmids with FPOs were introduced into <italic>Mycobacterium smegmatis</italic> cells by elecroporanion.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The greatest fluorescent signal was provided by FPO, in which the hsp60 ribosome binding site in the 5’-untranslated mRNA region was replaced by that for the <italic>gp9</italic> gene of the TM4 phage. The necessity of the presence of a transcription terminator in FPO is shown, as well as the importance of preserving the mRNA structure before the point of translation initiation.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The optimal structure of FPO has been selected for its subsequent incorporation into the phage genome. Elements of the operon structure important for the expression of a foreign protein in mycobacteria have been identified.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Применение производных бактериофагов, индикатором роста которых является флуоресцентный сигнал (флуорофагов), представляется перспективным при микробиологических анализах. Первой обязательной стадией их конструирования (в частности, флуоромикобактериофагов) является оптимизация структуры оперона флуоресцентного белка (ОФБ) с контролем его способности обеспечивать флуоресценцию микобактерий (МБ).</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования — сконструировать в составе плазмид разные варианты ОФБ и сравнить их экспрессию в МБ по величине флуоресцентного сигнала.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В составе плазмиды pMind, способной реплицироваться как в <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>, так и в МБ, рутинными генно-инженерными методами сконструированы ОФБ разной структуры с промотором hsp60, продуцирующие белок TurboGFP. Плазмиды с ОФБ были введены электропорацией в клетки <italic>Mycobacterium smegmatis</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Наибольший флуоресцентный сигнал обеспечил ОФБ, в котором в 5’-нетранслируемом участке мРНК сайт связывания рибосом hsp60 заменён на таковой для гена <italic>gp9</italic> фага TM4. Показана необходимость присутствия в ОФБ терминатора транскрипции, а также важность сохранения структуры мРНК перед точкой начала трансляции.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Подобрана оптимальная структура ОФБ для последующего встраивания его в фаговый геном. Выявлены элементы структуры оперона, важные для экспрессии чужеродного белка в МБ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fluorescent proteins</kwd><kwd>mycobacterial hsp60 promoter</kwd><kwd>expression of foreign proteins</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>флуоресцентные белки</kwd><kwd>микобактериальный промотор hsp60</kwd><kwd>экспрессия чужеродных белков</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Jacobs W.R. Jr., Barletta R.G., Udani R., et al. Rapid assessment of drug susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by means of luciferase reporter phages. Science. 1993;260(5109):819–22. 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