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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19002</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-791</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HKPXDN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENCE AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУКА И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Development and application of a method for detecting RNA of West Nile virus genotypes 1 and 2 based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Разработка и применение способа выявления РНК вируса Западного Нила генотипов 1 и 2 на основе петлевой изотермической амплификации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-7861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>Анна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Laboratory of gene diagnostics of particularly dangerous infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н. с. лаб. генодиагностики особо опасных инфекций</p></bio><email>mirnyuta@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5690-6686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondareva</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарева</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Laboratory of gene diagnostics of particularly dangerous infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, с. н. с. лаб. генодиагностики особо опасных инфекций</p></bio><email>bondareva0s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0199-3342</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachenko</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткаченко</surname><given-names>Галина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, leading researcher, Department of biological and technological control</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, в. н. с. отд. биологического и технологического контроля</p></bio><email>tkachenko_g@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9510-7246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baturin</surname><given-names>Artem A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батурин</surname><given-names>Артем Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, Laboratory of gene diagnostics of particularly dangerous infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, c. н. с. лаб. генодиагностики особо опасных инфекций</p></bio><email>chemistry1987@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volgograd Plague Control Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФКУЗ «Волгоградский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>267</fpage><lpage>278</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-23"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Mironova A.V., Bondareva O.S., Tkachenko G.A., Baturin A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Миронова А.В., Бондарева О.С., Ткаченко Г.А., Батурин А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mironova A.V., Bondareva O.S., Tkachenko G.A., Baturin A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миронова А.В., Бондарева О.С., Ткаченко Г.А., Батурин А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19002">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/19002</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>West Nile fever (WNF) is a widespread zoonotic natural focal arbovirus infection. In Russia, intense WNF epidemics are observed in the south and southeast of the European part of the country. Etiotropic treatment and specific immunoprophylaxis for this disease in humans have not been developed. A promising approach to rapid diagnostics of WNV is the detection of pathogen RNA using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP).</p> <p>The <bold>objective</bold> is to develop a method for detecting RNA of West Nile virus (WNV) genotypes 1 and 2 using RT-LAMP with various detection options and to test it on clinical material and samples collected during epizootological monitoring.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A comparative <italic>in silico</italic> analysis of WNV genomes was performed using the NCBI GenBank database. The presence of WNV RNA was confirmed by RT-PCR. Detection of RT-LAMP results was performed by gel electrophoresis, in real time, and by endpoint analysis using intercalating dyes. Analytical specificity was tested on clinical and field specimens, as well as cell cultures infected with WNV and heterologous microorganisms. Analytical sensitivity was assessed using a recombinant plasmid containing the target fragment of the WNV cDNA sequence.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The 5'-UTR fragment and the WNV polyprotein gene locus encoding the capsid protein were selected as the target. Eight unique LAMP primers were designed. The reaction mixture composition and RT-LAMP reaction conditions were optimized. The reverse transcription and amplification time was 45 minutes. The analytical sensitivity of the reaction was 5 × 10<sup>3</sup> GE/mL, and the analytical specificity was 100%, comparable to PCR.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The use of the designed primer set enables rapid, highly sensitive, and specific detection of WNV genotypes 1 and 2 RNA in field and clinical samples using RT-LAMP. The proposed method, along with existing developments for the detection of WNV based on PCR, is promising for molecular genetic diagnostics of WNV.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Лихорадка Западного Нила (ЛЗН) является одной из широко распространенных зоонозных природно-очаговых арбовирусных инфекций. В России интенсивные проявления эпидемического процесса ЛЗН наблюдаются на юге и юго-востоке европейской части страны. Этиотропное лечение и специфическая иммунопрофилактика заболевания у людей не разработаны. Перспективным направлением экспресс-диагностики ЛЗН является метод обнаружения РНК возбудителя с помощью петлевой изотермической амплификации с обратной транскрипцией (RT-LAMP, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification).</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>—<bold> </bold>разработка способа обнаружения РНК вируса Западного Нила (ВЗН) генотипов 1 и 2 методом RT-LAMP с различными вариантами детекции и его апробация на клиническом материале и пробах, собранных при эпизоотологическом мониторинге.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Сравнительный<italic> </italic>анализ <italic>in silico</italic> геномов ВЗН проводили по базе данных GenBank NCBI. Наличие РНК ВЗН подтверждали методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) с обратной транскрипцией. Детекцию результатов RT-LAMP осуществляли методом гель-электрофореза в режиме реального времени и по конечной точке с помощью интеркалирующих красителей. Аналитическую специфичность проверяли на клиническом и полевом материале, клеточных культурах, инфицированных ВЗН и гетерологичными микроорганизмами. Аналитическую чувствительность оценивали с помощью рекомбинантной плазмиды, содержащей целевой фрагмент последовательности кДНК ВЗН.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В качестве мишени выбран фрагмент 5'-UTR и локус гена полипротеина ВЗН, кодирующий капсидный белок. Сконструированы 8 уникальных LAMP-праймеров. Оптимизирован состав реакционной смеси и условия реакции RT-LAMP. Время обратной транскрипции и амплификации составило 45 мин. Аналитическая чувствительность реакции — 5 × 10<sup>3 </sup>ГЭ/мл, аналитическая специфичность — 100%, что сопоставимо с показателями ПЦР.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Применение сконструированного набора праймеров позволяет быстро, с высокой чувствительностью и специфичностью выявлять РНК ВЗН генотипов 1 и 2 в полевом и клиническом материале методом RT-LAMP. Предложенный способ наряду с имеющими разработками по выявлению ВЗН на основе ПЦР перспективен для проведения молекулярно-генетической диагностики ЛЗН.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>West Nile fever</kwd><kwd>West Nile virus</kwd><kwd>loop-mediated isothermal amplification</kwd><kwd>LAMP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лихорадка Западного Нила</kwd><kwd>вирус Западного Нила</kwd><kwd>петлевая изотермическая амплификация</kwd><kwd>LAMP</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1.	Baturin A.A., Tkachenko G.A., Ledeneva M.L., et al. Molecular genetic analysis of West Nile virus variants circulating in European Russia between 2010 and 2019. Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology. 2021;98(3):308–18. 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