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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18973</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-742</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JXLFFD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Association of <italic>TRIM22</italic> gene polymorphisms (<italic>N155D</italic> and <italic>T242R</italic>) with HIV infection in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ассоциация полиморфных вариантов гена <italic>TRIM22</italic> (<italic>N155D</italic> и <italic>T242R</italic>) с ВИЧ-инфекцией в Северо-Западном федеральном округе России</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory of immunology and virology of HIV, senior researcher, Laboratory of molecular immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, зав. лаб. иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции, с. н. с. лаб. молекулярной иммунологии</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыденко</surname><given-names>Владимир Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of immunology and virology of HIV</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. лаб. иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p></bio><email>vladimir_david@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-3674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Schemelev</surname><given-names>Alexander N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), junior researcher, Laboratory of immunology and virology of HIV</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, м. н. с. лаб. иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p></bio><email>tvildorm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>Areg A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>Арег Артемович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head, Laboratory of molecular immunology, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, зав. лаб. молекулярной иммунологии, директор</p></bio><email>totolian@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>530</fpage><lpage>538</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-03"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-03"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Ostankova Y.V., Davydenko V.S., Schemelev A.N., Totolian A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Останкова Ю.В., Давыденко В.С., Щемелев А.Н., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostankova Y.V., Davydenko V.S., Schemelev A.N., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Останкова Ю.В., Давыденко В.С., Щемелев А.Н., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18973">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18973</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global health challenge. The <italic>TRIM22</italic> gene, which encodes a protein with antiviral activity, is a promising candidate for research, but its role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection in population of the Russian Federation has not been previously studied.</p> <p><bold>The aim</bold> of the study was to analyze the polymorphic variants rs7935564 (<italic>N155D</italic>) and rs1063303 (<italic>T242R</italic>) of the <italic>TRIM22</italic> gene in HIV-infected individuals in the Northwestern Federal District.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Polymorphic variants rs7935564 (<italic>N155D</italic>) and rs1063303 (<italic>T242R</italic>) of the <italic>TRIM22</italic> gene were analyzed in groups of HIV-infected individuals with virological failure of antiretroviral therapy (<italic>n</italic> = 378) and practically healthy individuals (<italic>n</italic> = 319). Genotyping was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method followed by sequencing. Statistical analysis included testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of genotype distributions, assessing associations under 3 inheritance models (dominant, recessive, additive) with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) calculation, linkage disequilibrium analysis, and haplotype frequency analysis.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The distribution of genotypes for the analyzed polymorphic variants was conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0.05). A significant association was found between the G allele of the rs7935564 polymorphism and the presence of HIV infection in both recessive (OR = 1.76) and additive (OR = 1.37) inheritance models. For polymorphism rs1063303, a significant association was observed only in the dominant model (OR = 1.40). Moderate linkage disequilibrium was found between the loci (D' = 0.4478; <italic>r</italic>² = 0.1572; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). The <italic>G-G</italic> haplotype (rs7935564_G — rs1063303_G) was associated with the presence of infection (OR = 1.57).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> In the Russian population, the polymorphic variant rs7935564 (<italic>N155D</italic>) of the <italic>TRIM22</italic> gene is a significant genetic factor associated with HIV infection, while the results for rs1063303 (<italic>T242R</italic>) were statistically ambiguous. The association of the <italic>G-G</italic> haplotype with the presence of infection suggests a potential synergistic effect of these alleles. The data obtained highlight the importance of considering a population genetic background when evaluating the genetic determinants of the interaction between HIV and the host organism.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Вирус иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) остается глобальной проблемой здравоохранения. Ген <italic>TRIM22</italic>, кодирующий белок с противовирусной активностью, является перспективным кандидатом для исследований, однако его роль в патогенезе ВИЧ-инфекции в популяциях Российской Федерации ранее не изучалась.</p> <p><bold>Целью </bold>работы был анализ полиморфных вариантов rs7935564 (<italic>N155D</italic>) и rs1063303 (<italic>T242R</italic>) гена <italic>TRIM22</italic> у ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц в Северо-Западном федеральном округе.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Проведён анализ полиморфных вариантов rs7935564 (<italic>N155D</italic>) и rs1063303 (<italic>T242R</italic>) гена <italic>TRIM22 </italic>в группах ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц с вирусологической неэффективностью антиретровирусной терапии (<italic>n</italic> = 378) и практически здоровых лиц (<italic>n</italic> = 319). Генотипирование выполнено методом полимеразной цепной реакции с последующим секвенированием. Статистический анализ включал проверку соответствия распределения генотипов равновесию Харди–Вайнберга, оценку ассоциаций по 3 моделям наследования (доминантной, рецессивной, аддитивной) с расчётом отношения шансов (OШ) и 95% доверительного интервала (ДИ), анализ неравновесия сцепления и частот гаплотипов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Распределение генотипов для анализируемых полиморфных вариантов соответствовало равновесию Харди–Вайнберга (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0,05). Выявлена достоверная ассоциация аллеля <italic>G</italic> полиморфизма rs7935564 с наличием ВИЧ-инфекции в рецессивной (OШ = 1,76) и аддитивной (OШ = 1,37) моделях наследования. Для полиморфизма rs1063303 значимая ассоциация наблюдалась только в доминантной модели (OШ = 1,40). Обнаружено умеренное неравновесие сцепления между локусами (D’ = 0,4478; <italic>r</italic>² = 0,1572; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001). Гаплотип <italic>G-G</italic> (rs7935564_G — rs1063303_G) был ассоциирован с наличием инфекции (OШ = 1,57).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>В российской популяции полиморфный вариант rs7935564 (<italic>N155D</italic>) гена <italic>TRIM22 </italic>является значимым генетическим фактором ассоциации с ВИЧ-инфекцией, в то время как для rs1063303 (<italic>T242R</italic>) получены статистически неоднозначные результаты. Ассоциация гаплотипа <italic>G-G</italic> с наличием инфекции свидетельствует о потенциальном синергетическом эффекте данных аллелей. Полученные данные подчёркивают важность учёта популяционной специфики при оценке генетических детерминант взаимодействия ВИЧ и организма-хозяина.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>virus-host interaction</kwd><kwd>TRIM22</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>prognostic markers</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>взаимодействие вирус–хозяин</kwd><kwd>TRIM22</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>прогностические маркеры</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bekker L.G., Beyrer C., Mgodi N., et al. HIV infection. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2023;9(1):42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-023-00452-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Schemelev A.N., Davydenko V.S., Ostankova Y.V., et al. 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