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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18945</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-760</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DJJHPV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">POEM: POpulation Epidemiological Model for anti-epidemic measures efficiency prognosis in the Russian Federation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПОЭМА: ПОпуляционная Эпидемиологическая Модель Агентная для прогноза эффективности противоэпидемических мероприятий в Российской Федерации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2567-9032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Anna Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Анна Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, руководитель</p></bio><email>samoilov_ae@sysbiomed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-3911</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayupova</surname><given-names>Asiya F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аюпова</surname><given-names>Асия Фаязовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Laboratory of molecular epidemiology of emerging infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н. с. лаб. молекулярной эпидемиологии возникающих инфекций</p></bio><email>asiya.bun@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-8764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Govorun</surname><given-names>Vadim M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Говорун</surname><given-names>Вадим Маркович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор</p></bio><email>govorun@sysbiomed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7750-370X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbacheva</surname><given-names>Alina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачёва</surname><given-names>Алина Антоновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Laboratory of molecular epidemiology of emerging infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н. с. лаб. молекулярной эпидемиологии возникающих инфекций</p></bio><email>mantodea13@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-5079</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilina</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Sci. (Biol.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, main researcher, Head, Laboratory of mathematical biology and bioinformatics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, член-корр. РАН, г. н. с., зав. лаб. математической биологии и биоинформатики</p></bio><email>ilinaen@sysbiomed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-3764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachalov</surname><given-names>Viacheslav N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качалов</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher, Laboratory of mathematical biology and bioinformatics, Research Institute of Systems Biology and Medicine; Associate Professor<bold>, </bold>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>с. н. с. лаб. математической биологии и биоинформатики НИИ системной биологии и медицины; доцент Московского физико-технического института (национального исследовательского университета)</p></bio><email>kachalov_vn@sysbiomed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2437-5527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>Ivan E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Иван Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>assistant researcher, Laboratory of mathematical biology and bioinformatics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь лаб. математической биологии и биоинформатики</p></bio><email>ivan.kozzloff98@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2839-6189</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkov</surname><given-names>Konstantin A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочков</surname><given-names>Константин Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of mathematical biology and bioinformatics, Research Institute of Systems Biology and Medicine; student, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. лаб. математической биологии и биоинформатики НИИ системной биологии и медицины; студент Московского физико-технического института (национального исследовательского университета)</p></bio><email>konstantin.a.klochkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-3452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>Владимир Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., академик РАН, директор</p></bio><email>rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-0352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukashev</surname><given-names>Alexander N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукашев</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr Sci. (Biol.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, main researcher, principal researcher, Research Institute of Systems Biology and Medicine; Director, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, член-корр. РАН, г. н. с. НИИ системной биологии и медицины; директор Института медицинской паразитологии, тропических и трансмиссивных заболеваний им. Е.И. Марциновского Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета им. И.М. Сеченова</p></bio><email>alexander_lukashev@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3912-429X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Manolov</surname><given-names>Alexander I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манолов</surname><given-names>Александр Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), researcher, Scientific</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, н. с.</p></bio><email>paraslonic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0849-9123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslova</surname><given-names>Irina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслова</surname><given-names>Ирина Ильинична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of mathematical biology and bioinformatics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. лаб. математической биологии и биоинформатики</p></bio><email>maslova1ira@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-3164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilov</surname><given-names>Andrei E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлов</surname><given-names>Андрей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Laboratory of mathematical biology and bioinformatics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н. с. лаб. математической биологии и биоинформатики</p></bio><email>samoilov_ae@sysbiomed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9563-2833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Safronov</surname><given-names>Valentin A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафронов</surname><given-names>Валентин Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>leading redearcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>в. н. с</p></bio><email>safronov64@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5140-0990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsurkis</surname><given-names>Vera I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цуркис</surname><given-names>Вера Ильинична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of mathematical biology and bioinformatics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м. н. с. лаб. математической биологии и биоинформатики</p></bio><email>veratsurkis21@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт системной биологии и медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>515</fpage><lpage>529</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-08"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Popova A.Y., Ayupova A.F., Govorun V.M., Gorbacheva A.A., Ilina E.N., Kachalov V.N., Kozlov I.E., Klochkov K.A., Kutyrev V.V., Lukashev A.N., Manolov A.I., Maslova I.I., Samoilov A.E., Safronov V.A., Tsurkis V.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Попова А.Ю., Аюпова А.Ф., Говорун В.М., Горбачёва А.А., Ильина Е.Н., Качалов В.Н., Козлов И.Е., Клочков К.А., Кутырев В.В., Лукашев А.Н., Манолов А.И., Маслова И.И., Самойлов А.Е., Сафронов В.А., Цуркис В.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popova A.Y., Ayupova A.F., Govorun V.M., Gorbacheva A.A., Ilina E.N., Kachalov V.N., Kozlov I.E., Klochkov K.A., Kutyrev V.V., Lukashev A.N., Manolov A.I., Maslova I.I., Samoilov A.E., Safronov V.A., Tsurkis V.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попова А.Ю., Аюпова А.Ф., Говорун В.М., Горбачёва А.А., Ильина Е.Н., Качалов В.Н., Козлов И.Е., Клочков К.А., Кутырев В.В., Лукашев А.Н., Манолов А.И., Маслова И.И., Самойлов А.Е., Сафронов В.А., Цуркис В.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18945">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18945</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a whole complex of problems related to mathematical modeling of the epidemic process and assessing the effect of preventive and anti-epidemic measures in modern complex societies. Along with this, the accumulation of significant factual data has spurred the active development of agent-based models, in which each agent (a hypothetical person) has a unique set of characteristics and interaction methods determined based on real sociological and demographic data.</p> <p><bold>Aim and objectives.</bold> Development and demonstration of the capabilities of the epidemiological agent-based model POEM platform (POpulation Epidemiological Model).</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The POEM platform is developed based on the source code of one of the most widely used agent-based models worldwide, Covasim, taking into account the demographic and organizational-administrative conditions specific to the Russian Federation.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Computational experiments have shown that due to individual variability in the dynamics of infection development and the specifics of disease registration, even mass events, while leading to an actual increase in the number of infected individuals, do not have a significant impact on the shape of the curve of registered disease incidence. It has been shown that intercity traffic flows at a level of 0.1% of the population per day have a minimal effect on the dynamics of the epidemic's development, while the effect of a 1% population outflow per day sharply reduces the effect of strict anti-epidemic measures implemented in only one particular city. Using the example of the Voronezh region, the transition from the Delta variant to Omicron in early 2022 was modeled, and a high degree of correlation was shown between the model dynamics and the actual ratio of virus variants observed.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The model is fully implemented within the Russian system on the server of the Research Institute for System Biology and Medicine of Rospotrebnadzor and can be used to conduct digital epidemiological experiments to predict the effectiveness of proposed anti-epidemic measures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Пандемия COVID-19 выявила целый комплекс проблем, связанных с математическим моделированием эпидемического процесса и оценкой эффекта от проводимых профилактических и противоэпидемических мероприятий в современном сложноорганизованном обществе. Вместе с этим накопление значительных массивов фактических данных дало импульс активному развитию агентных моделей, в которых каждый агент (условный человек) имеет уникальный набор характеристик и способов взаимодействия, определяемых на основе реальных социологических и демографических данных.</p> <p><bold>Цели и задачи.</bold> Разработка и демонстрация возможностей эпидемиологической агентной модели ПОЭМА (ПОпуляционная Эпидемиологическая Модель Агентная).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Платформа ПОЭМА разработана на исходном коде одной из наиболее широко используемых во всем мире агентной модели Covasim с учетом демографических и организационно-административных условий, характерных для Российской Федерации.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Вычислительные эксперименты показали, что из-за индивидуальной вариабельности в динамике развития инфекции и особенностей регистрации заболеваемости даже массовые мероприятия хотя и приводят к фактическому увеличению числа инфицированных, но не оказывают существенного влияния на форму кривой регистрируемой заболеваемости. Показано, что транспортные потоки между городами на уровне 0,1% населения в день оказывают минимальный эффект на динамику развития эпидемии, в то время как эффект от перетока 1% населения в день резко снижает эффект от введения строгих противоэпидемических мероприятий, проводимых только в одном отдельно взятом городе. На примере Воронежской области проведено моделирование смены циркулирующего варианта SARS-CoV-2 с Дельта на Omicron в начале 2022 г. и показана высокая степень корреляции между модельной динамикой и наблюдаемым в реальности соотношением вариантов вируса.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Модель реализована полностью в Российском контуре на сервере НИИ системной биологии и медицины Роспотребнадзора и может быть использована для проведения цифровых эпидемиологических экспериментов с целью прогноза эффективности предполагаемых к проведению противоэпидемических мероприятий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>agent-based modeling</kwd><kwd>computational epidemiology</kwd><kwd>epidemic process</kwd><kwd>anti-epidemic measures</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>агентное моделирование</kwd><kwd>вычислительная эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>эпидемический процесс</kwd><kwd>противоэпидемические меры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Rospotrebnadzor</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Роспотребнадзор</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>141-02-2023-208</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Маслова И.И., Манолов А.И., Глущенко О.Е. и др. 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