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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18938</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-753</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FFLKVS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of the upper respiratory tract microbiota in bacterial carriage of <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> in patients with metabolic syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности микробиоты верхних дыхательных путей при бактерионосительстве <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> у больных c метаболическим синдромом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5483-1784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starikova</surname><given-names>Valeria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старикова</surname><given-names>Валерия Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of infectious diseases with epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент каф. инфекционных болезней с эпидемиологией</p></bio><email>v.a.starikova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-8487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinov</surname><given-names>Dmitry Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of infectious diseases with epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. каф. инфекционных болезней с эпидемиологией</p></bio><email>d.u.konstantinov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6022-0983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konstantinova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Константинова</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of infectious diseases with epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент каф. инфекционных болезней с эпидемиологией</p></bio><email>e.a.konstantinova@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-26"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Starikova V.A., Konstantinov D.Y., Konstantinova E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Старикова В.А., Константинов Д.Ю., Константинова Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starikova V.A., Konstantinov D.Y., Konstantinova E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Старикова В.А., Константинов Д.Ю., Константинова Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18938">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18938</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>The human upper respiratory tract represents a complex ecosystem in dynamic equilibrium with its microbiota. Homeostasis of this system is maintained by multiple factors, including competitive interactions among microorganisms. Disruption of this balance by external or internal factors can lead to dysbiosis, increasing the risk of respiratory and systemic diseases.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To study the effect of metabolic syndrome in carriers of <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> on the composition of the upper respiratory tract microbiota community.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>A prospective case-control study was conducted, involving 171 <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> carriers, of which 118 patients had metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 53 comprised the control group.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>It was found that in the presence of MetS, the proportion of individuals with a high degree of nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization was significantly higher (43.2% vs. 15.0%, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). The nasopharyngeal microbiota of patients with MetS was characterized by a decreased abundance of commensal taxa <italic>Corynebacterium accolens</italic> and <italic>Dolosigranulum pigrum</italic> alongside an increased proportion of opportunistic microorganisms <italic>(Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus</italic>). In the oropharynx of patients with MetS, a shift towards increased abundance of Gram-negative bacteria <italic>(Neisseria subflava, H. parainfluenzae</italic>) and opportunistic species <italic>(Fusobacterium nucleatum</italic>) was observed.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The obtained results demonstrate a link between metabolic disorders and dysbiotic changes in the respiratory tract microbial community and highlight the necessity of considering MetS when developing preventive strategies against pneumococcal infections.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Верхние дыхательные пути человека представляют собой сложную экосистему, находящуюся в динамическом равновесии с микробиотой. Гомеостаз этой системы обеспечивается множеством факторов, включая конкурентные взаимодействия между микроорганизмами. Нарушение этого баланса, вызванное внешними или внутренними факторами, может приводить к дисбиозу, повышая риск респираторных и системных заболеваний.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования — изучить влияние метаболического синдрома (МС) у бактерионосителей <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> на состав сообщества микробиоты верхних дыхательных путей.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено проспективное исследование типа «случай–контроль», включившее 171 бактерионосителя <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic>, из которых 118 пациентов имели МС, а 53 — составляли контрольную группу.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Установлено, что при МС доля лиц с высокой степенью бактериальной колонизации носоглотки значительно выше (43,2% против 15,0%; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001). Микробиота носоглотки у пациентов с МС характеризовалась снижением обилия комменсальных таксонов <italic>Corynebacterium accolens</italic> и <italic>Dolosigranulum pigrum</italic> при одновременном увеличении доли условно-патогенных микроорганизмов (<italic>Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus</italic>). В ротоглотке у пациентов с МС отмечено смещение в сторону повышения обилия грамотрицательных бактерий (<italic>Neisseria subflava, H. parainfluenzae</italic>) и условно-патогенных видов <italic>(Fusobacterium nucleatum</italic>).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Полученные результаты демонстрируют связь метаболических нарушений с дисбиотическими изменениями микробного сообщества дыхательных путей и подчёркивают необходимость учёта МС при разработке профилактических стратегий против пневмококковых инфекций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>upper respiratory tract microbiota</kwd><kwd>bacterial colonization</kwd><kwd>dysbiosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>микробиота верхних дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>бактериальная колонизация</kwd><kwd>дисбиоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Лопатин А.С., Азизов И.С., Козлов Р.С. 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