Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology1881410.36233/0372-9311-684VRKCFOREVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleApplication of the pseudovirus-based neutralization assay in the search for new antiviral drugsИспользование метода нейтрализации псевдовирусов для поиска новых антивирусных препаратовhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4365-8809KarpenkoLarisa I.КарпенкоЛариса Ивановна
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory of recombinant vaccines, leading researcher, Bioengineering department

д-р биол. наук, зав. лаб. рекомбинантных вакцин, в. н. с. отдела биоинженерии

lkarpenko1@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1684-9071RudometovaNadezhda B.РудометоваНадежда Борисовна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, Bioengineering department

канд. биол. наук, с. н. с. отдела биоинженерии

nadenkaand100@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-4969NizolenkoLily F.НизоленкоЛилия Филипповна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, Bioengineering department

канд. биол. наук, с. н. с. отдела биоинженерии

nizolenko@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-321XLoktevValery B.ЛоктевВалерий Борисович
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, chief researcher, Head, Department of molecular virology for flaviviruses and viral hepatitis

д-р биол. наук, профессор, зав. отделом молекулярной вирусологии флавивирусов и вирусных гепатитов

valeryloktev@gmail.comState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector"Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»15092025102448249418042025Copyright ©; 2025, Karpenko L.I., Rudometova N.B., Nizolenko L.F., Loktev V.B.Copyright ©; 2025, Карпенко Л.И., Рудометова Н.Б., Низоленко Л.Ф., Локтев В.Б.2025Karpenko L.I., Rudometova N.B., Nizolenko L.F., Loktev V.B.Карпенко Л.И., Рудометова Н.Б., Низоленко Л.Ф., Локтев В.Б.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18814

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of drug development, particularly due to the use of computer modeling methods. One of the key stages in the development of new antiviral drugs is testing the efficacy of promising candidates in in vitro experiments using target viruses. The application of new technologies for conducting primary screening with pseudotyped viruses simplifies research, increases its efficiency and ensures the biosafety of the conducted studies.

The aim of this review is to analyze previous studies that have demonstrated the successful use of pseudovirus technology for the search of new chemotherapeutic agents against a range of RNA-containing viruses.

The analysis involved the literature presented in the PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases as of March 1, 2025. For the search, the following keywords were used: pseudovirus, virus inhibition, antiviral drugs, RNA viruses.

Pseudotyped viruses are recombinant viral particles that have the core proteins of one virus and the surface proteins of another, studied virus. The advantages of pseudovirus technology are its safety, high level of reproducibility of results, and the possibility of standardization. The lentivirus-based system was one of the first to be developed and remains one of the most in-demand. Using pseudoviruses, candidate molecules for infections caused by RNA-containing viruses, such as HIV-1, hepatitis C virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, avian influenza viruses, and SARS-CoV-2, have been selected and studied. Most of the selected drugs act at the initial stage of the virus entry into the target cell. The examples provided illustrate the significant contribution of pseudovirus technology in dealing with serious socially significant diseases caused by RNA-containing viruses.

В последние годы в области разработки лекарственных препаратов достигнут большой прогресс, в частности, благодаря использованию методов компьютерного моделирования. Одним из ключевых этапов разработки новых антивирусных препаратов является проверка эффективности перспективных кандидатов в экспериментах in vitro с использованием вирусов-мишеней. Использование новых технологий для проведения первичного скрининга с применением псевдотипированных вирусов обеспечивает упрощение исследований, повышение их эффективности и соблюдение биобезопасности проводимых исследований.

Целью данной работы является анализ исследований, в которых продемонстрировано успешное использование псевдовирусной технологии для поиска новых химиопрепаратов против ряда РНК-содержащих вирусов.

При подготовке обзора был проведён анализ литературы, представленной в базах PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Google Scholar по состоянию на 01.03.2025. Для поиска использовали ключевые слова: pseudovirus, virus inhibition, antiviral drugs, RNA viruses, псевдовирус, ингибирование вируса, противовирусные препараты, РНК-содержащие вирусы.

Псевдотипированные вирусы представляют собой рекомбинантные вирусные частицы, которые имеют коровые белки одного вируса, а поверхностные белки — другого, исследуемого вируса. Достоинствами псевдовирусной технологии являются её безопасность, высокий уровень воспроизводимости результатов и возможность стандартизации. Система, основанная на лентивирусах, была разработана одной из первых и по-прежнему является одной из наиболее востребованных. С помощью псевдовирусов были отобраны и исследованы молекулы-кандидаты для инфекций, вызываемых РНК-содержащими вирусами, такими как ВИЧ-1, вирус гепатита С, вирус клещевого энцефалита, вирусы гриппа птиц, SARS-CoV-2. Большинство из отобранных препаратов действуют на начальном этапе проникновения вируса в клетку-мишень. Приведённые примеры иллюстрируют существенный вклад технологии псевдовирусов в борьбу с серьёзными социально значимыми заболеваниями, вызываемыми РНК-содержащими вирусами.

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