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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18754</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-644</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">SCQHMA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Whole-genome sequencing of two clinical strains of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> with phenotypic susceptibility to rifampicin but predicted resistance by Xpert MTB/RIF</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Полногеномное секвенирование двух клинических штаммов <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> c фенотипической чувствительностью к рифампицину при прогнозируемой Xpert MTB/RIF устойчивости</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-1983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogarkov</surname><given-names>Oleg B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огарков</surname><given-names>Олег Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, директор Института эпидемиологии и микробиологии </p></bio><email>obogarkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3396-9590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinkov</surname><given-names>Viacheslav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синьков</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Laboratory of epidemiologically and socially significant infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, с. н. с. лаб. эпидемиологически и социально значимых инфекций Института эпидемиологии и микробиологии </p></bio><email>vsinkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuhtina</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кухтина</surname><given-names>Туяна Анандуевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>bacteriologist, Head, Bacteriological laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-бактериолог, зав. бактериологической лабораторией </p></bio><email>tuyanatsta@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-9700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanova</surname><given-names>Svetlana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданова</surname><given-names>Светлана Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Laboratory of epidemiologically and socially significant infections, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, в. н. с. лаб. эпидемиологически и социально значимых инфекций Института эпидемиологии и микробиологии </p></bio><email>svetnii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2631-4724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratov</surname><given-names>Ilya G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратов</surname><given-names>Илья Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), researcher, Laboratory of epidemiologically and socially significant infections, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, н. с. лаб. эпидемиологически и социально значимых инфекций Института эпидемиологии и микробиологии </p></bio><email>kondratovig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутская областная клиническая туберкулёзная больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутская областная клиническая туберкулёзная больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>343</fpage><lpage>349</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-11"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Ogarkov O.B., Sinkov V.V., Kuhtina T.A., Zhdanova S.N., Kondratov I.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Огарков О.Б., Синьков В.В., Кухтина Т.А., Жданова С.Н., Кондратов И.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ogarkov O.B., Sinkov V.V., Kuhtina T.A., Zhdanova S.N., Kondratov I.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Огарков О.Б., Синьков В.В., Кухтина Т.А., Жданова С.Н., Кондратов И.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18754">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18754</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>More than 40% of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> strains are resistant to rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid, the first-line drugs. The tuberculosis pathogen becomes resistant to RIF mainly due to mutations in the <italic>rpoB</italic> gene. <bold>The aim</bold> of the study was to search for the most probable compensatory mutations in the <italic>rpoA</italic>, <italic>rpoB</italic> and <italic>rpoC</italic> genes encoding α-, β- and β′-subunits of <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic> RNA polymerase.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>A cross-sectional analysis of phenotypic and genetic resistance to RIF among 2298 clinical strains of <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic> revealed 8 cases in which resistance as determined by the Xpert Ultra MTB/RIF test was not confirmed bacteriologically. In all cases, these were chronic multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic> patients in whom RIF was discontinued due to the detection of resistance to this drug in the isolated strains. Two strains were obtained for genotype testing, Sanger sequencing and whole-genome sequencing.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Repeat Xpert Ultra MTB/RIF test, Sanger sequencing and whole genome sequencing revealed the presence of a single <italic>S450L</italic> mutation in the <italic>rpoB</italic> gene with phenotypic sensitivity in both strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both genomes belonged to the Beijing B0/W148 genotype. The strains were characterized by a higher growth rate than the other isolates. Two potential compensatory mutations <italic>V483G</italic> and <italic>H748P</italic> in the <italic>groC</italic> gene were identified in the absence of other significant changes in the <italic>rpoA</italic> and <italic>rpoB</italic> genes.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>It is suggested that the phenomenon of discrepancy between results of bacteriological and molecular genetic tests is associated with the acquisition of compensatory mutations in the <italic>groC</italic> gene during RIF treatment of Beijing B0/W148 strains, and the identified mutations affect the conformation of the β'-subunit, restoring the transcription efficiency of affected by the major <italic>S450L</italic> mutation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Более 40% штаммов <italic>Mycobacterium</italic><italic> </italic><italic>tuberculosis</italic> устойчивы к рифампицину (RIF) и изониазиду — препаратам первого ряда. Возбудитель туберкулёза приобретает устойчивость к RIF главным образом за счёт мутаций в гене <italic>rpoB</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования — поиск наиболее вероятных компенсаторных мутаций в генах <italic>rpoA</italic>, <italic>rpoB</italic> и <italic>rpoC</italic>, кодирующих α-, β- и β′-субъединицы РНК-полимеразы <italic>M</italic><italic>. </italic><italic>tuberculosis</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Перекрёстный анализ фенотипической и генетической устойчивости к RIF среди 2298 клинических штаммов <italic>M</italic><italic>. </italic><italic>tuberculosis</italic> выявил 8 случаев, когда устойчивость, определённая тестом Xpert Ultra MTB/RIF, не подтверждалась бактериологическим методом. Во всех случаях это были хронические больные туберкулёзом с множественной или широкой лекарственной устойчивостью, у которых был отменён RIF по причине обнаружения устойчивости к этому препарату у выделенного штамма. Для исследования генотипа, секвенирования по Сэнгеру и полногеномного секвенирования были получены 2 штамма.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Повторный тест Xpert Ultra MTB/RIF, секвенирование по Сэнгеру и полногеномное секвенирование выявили наличие единственной мутации <italic>S</italic><italic>450</italic><italic>L</italic> в гене <italic>rpoB</italic><italic> </italic>при наличии фенотипической чувствительности у обоих штаммов. При филогенетическом анализе выяснено, что оба генома принадлежали к генотипу Beijing B0/W148. Штаммы отличались более высокой скоростью роста, чем другие изоляты. Выявлены две потенциальные компенсаторные мутации <italic>V</italic><italic>483</italic><italic>G</italic> и <italic>H</italic><italic>748</italic><italic>P</italic> в гене <italic>rpo</italic><italic>С </italic>при отсутствии других значимых изменений в генах <italic>rpoA</italic> и <italic>rpoB</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Высказано предположение, что феномен расхождения бактериологических и молекулярно-генетических результатов связан с приобретением в процессе лечения RIF штаммами Beijing B0/W148 компенсаторных мутаций в гене <italic>rpo</italic><italic>С, </italic>а выявленные мутации влияют на конформацию β'-субъединицы, восстанавливая эффективность транскрипции, вызванную мажорной мутацией <italic>S</italic><italic>450</italic><italic>L</italic><italic>.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>Beijing B0/W148</kwd><kwd>rpoA</kwd><kwd>rpoB</kwd><kwd>rpoC</kwd><kwd>compensatory fitness mutations</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>Beijing B0/W148</kwd><kwd>rpoA</kwd><kwd>rpoB</kwd><kwd>rpoC</kwd><kwd>компенсаторные фитнес-мутации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-01034-21-00</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lin W., Mandal S., Degen D., et al. 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