Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology1866610.36233/0372-9311-597zrutamREVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleResistotypes as a characterization of microbial communities associated with human health. Systematic ReviewРезистотипы как характеристика сообществ микроорганизмов, ассоциированных со здоровьем человека. Систематический обзорhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0289PavlenkoAlexander V.ПавленкоАлександр Владимирович
Russian Federation

researcher, Laboratory of mathematical biology and bioinformatics

н. с. лаб. математической биологии и биоинформатики

pavav@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-7266-6657SonetsIgnat V.СонецИгнат Валерьевич
Russian Federation

junior researcher, Laboratory of mathematical biology and bioinformatics

м. н. с. лаб. математической биологии и биоинформатики

ignatsonets@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3912-429XManolovAleksandr I.МаноловАлександр Иванович
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher, Head, Laboratory of digital monitoring of human health

канд. биол. наук, в. н. с., зав. лаб. цифрового мониторинга здоровья человека

paraslonic@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6582-210XStarikovaElizaveta V.СтариковаЕлизавета Валентиновна
Russian Federation

researcher, Laboratory of mathematical biology and bioinformatics

н. с. лаб. математической биологии и биоинформатики

e.starikova@sysbiomed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-5079IlinaElena N.ИльинаЕлена Николаевна
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Biol.), Сorresponding member of RAS, chief scientist, Head, Laboratory for mathematical biology and bioinformatics

д-р биол. наук, член-корр. РАН, г. н. с., зав. лаб. математической биологии и биоинформатики

ilinaen@sysbiomed.ruResearch Institute for Systems Biology and MedicineНаучно-исследовательский институт системной биологии и медицины Роспотребнадзора30032025102111212624102024Copyright ©; 2025, Pavlenko A.V., Sonets I.V., Manolov A.I., Starikova E.V., Ilina E.N.Copyright ©; 2025, Павленко А.В., Сонец И.В., Манолов А.И., Старикова Е.В., Ильина Е.Н.2025Pavlenko A.V., Sonets I.V., Manolov A.I., Starikova E.V., Ilina E.N.Павленко А.В., Сонец И.В., Манолов А.И., Старикова Е.В., Ильина Е.Н.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18666

The concept of resistotype represents a new characterization of bacterial communities distinct from their taxonomic composition. The term “resistotype” is now commonly used to refer to specific clusters within a resistome that possess a characteristic phenotypic profile, or set of antimicrobial resistance genes. In contrast to traditional approaches that focus on individual resistance genes or phenotypic manifestations of resistance, resistome analysis allows resistance to be considered at a more comprehensive level, integrating different genes and their interactions within microbial populations or an entire microbial community.

The aims and objectives of the review are to analyze and summarize current data on how resistotypes of individual microbial species and bacterial communities are identified and analyzed.

Literature sources devoted to the identification of resistotypes of individual bacterial species and bacterial communities of humans and farm animals over the past 10 years were analyzed.

At the current moment, identification of microorganism resistotypes is not a common practice for studies related to resistance analysis. Phenotypic research methods, rarely supplemented by genetic or genomic data, are currently used to identify resistotypes of bacterial isolates. Metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatics analysis methods are used to identify resistome and resistotypes of microbial communities.

Conclusion. Identification of resistotypes provides additional assessment of resistome in different microbial populations. Resistotype analysis can be applied both in clinical practice, to select the most appropriate method of therapy, and in agriculture, to improve the control of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms pathogenic to animals.

Понятие резистотипа представляет собой новую характеристику бактериальных сообществ, отличную от их таксономического состава. Сейчас термином «резистотип» принято обозначать специфические кластеры внутри резистома, обладающие характерным фенотипическим профилем или набором генов резистентности к антимикробным препаратам. В отличие от традиционных подходов, которые фокусируются на отдельных генах резистентности или фенотипических проявлениях устойчивости, анализ резистотипов позволяет рассматривать устойчивость на более комплексном уровне, объединяя различные гены и их взаимодействия в рамках микробных популяций или целого микробного сообщества.

Цели и задачи обзора: проанализировать и обобщить актуальные данные о способах выявления и анализа резистотипов отдельных видов микроорганизмов и бактериальных сообществ.

Проведён анализ источников литературы, посвящённых выявлению резистотипов отдельных видов бактерий и бактериальных сообществ человека и сельскохозяйственных животных за прошедшие 10 лет.

На текущий момент выявление резистотипов микроорганизмов не является распространённой практикой для исследований, связанных с анализом резистентности. Для определения резистотипов изолятов бактерий используются фенотипические методы исследования, редко дополняемые генетическими или геномными данными. Для установления резистома и резистотипов сообществ микроорганизмов используются методы метагеномного секвенирования и биоинформатического анализа.

Заключение. Выявление резистотипов даёт дополнительную оценку резистома в различных популяциях микроорганизмов. Анализ резистотипов может быть применён как в клинической практике — для подбора наиболее подходящего метода терапии, так и в сельском хозяйстве — для улучшения контроля за антибиотикоустойчивостью микроорганизмов, патогенных для животных.

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