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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18542</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-503</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">pebbmx</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genotyping of Borrelia, Rickettsia and Anaplasma in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in the Kaliningrad region</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генотипирование боррелий, риккетсий и анаплазм в клещах Ixodes ricinus и Dermacentor reticulatus в Калининградской области</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-6822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartashov</surname><given-names>Mikhail Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карташов</surname><given-names>Михаил Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, Department of molecular virology for flaviviruses and viral hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., с.н.с. отдела молекулярной вирусологии флавивирусов и вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>valeryloktev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7401-3678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volchev</surname><given-names>Evgenii G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волчев</surname><given-names>Евгений Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, Institute of Living Systems</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант Института живых систем</p></bio><email>valeryloktev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-0415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivosheina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривошеина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Ильинична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Department of molecular virology for flaviviruses and viral hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. отдела молекулярной вирусологии флавивирусов и вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>valeryloktev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-1649</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svirin</surname><given-names>Kirill A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свирин</surname><given-names>Кирилл Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Department of molecular virology for flaviviruses and viral hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. отдела молекулярной вирусологии флавивирусов и вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>valeryloktev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-171X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ternovoi</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терновой</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher, Head, Department of molecular virology for flaviviruses and viral hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., в.н.с., зав. отделом молекулярной вирусологии флавивирусов и вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>valeryloktev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-321X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Loktev</surname><given-names>Valery B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Локтев</surname><given-names>Валерий Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, chief researcher, Department of molecular virology for flaviviruses and viral hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, г.н.с. отдела молекулярной вирусологии флавивирусов и вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>valeryloktev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Rospotrebnadzor</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk National Research State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>227</fpage><lpage>236</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-22"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Kartashov M.Y., Volchev E.G., Krivosheina E.I., Svirin K.A., Ternovoi V.A., Loktev V.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Карташов М.Ю., Волчев Е.Г., Кривошеина Е.И., Свирин К.А., Терновой В.А., Локтев В.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kartashov M.Y., Volchev E.G., Krivosheina E.I., Svirin K.A., Ternovoi V.A., Loktev V.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карташов М.Ю., Волчев Е.Г., Кривошеина Е.И., Свирин К.А., Терновой В.А., Локтев В.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18542">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18542</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Tick-borne bacterial and protozoal pathogens pose a significant public health problem. The aim of this study was to detect and genotype Borrelia, Rickettsia and Anaplasma in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected in the Kaliningrad region in 2021–2022.</p> <p>Materials and methods. The study included 862 I. ricinus and 803 D. reticulatus ticks (1665 in total) collected in 33 biotopes of the Kaliningrad region. Detection of the DNA of tick-borne pathogens was carried out in individual ticks by PCR using a set of specific primers, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.</p> <p>Results. The level of infection of I. ricinus ticks with Borrelia was 15.5%, and genotyping by the p66 gene sequence showed the presence of genetic material from four species: B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. valaisiana, and B. lusitaniae. In D. reticulatus ticks, no Borrelia genetic material was detected. The Rickettsia DNA has been found in both tick species. Moreover, the infection rate of I. ricinus ticks was 2.6%, and D. reticulatus — 21.2%. R. helvetica were found in I. ricinus ticks, and R. raoultii in meadow ticks when genotyping by gltA gene. Genetic markers of Anaplasma phagocytophilum have been found in I. ricinus and D. reticulatus ticks. Cases of co-infection of an individual tick have also been identified.</p> <p>Conclusion. Six different species of tick-borne pathogens were found in the I. ricinus and D. reticulatus ticks collected in the Kaliningrad region and R. helvetica, R. raoultii and A. phagocytophilum were identified for the first time.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Возбудители клещевых инфекций бактериальной и протозойной природы представляют существенную проблему для общественного здравоохранения.</p> <p>Цель исследования состояла в детекции и генотипировании боррелий, риккетсий и анаплазм в клещах Ixodes ricinus и Dermacentor reticulatus, собранных на территории Калининградской области в 2021–2022 гг.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 1665 клещей: I. ricinus (n = 862) и D. reticulatus (n = 803), собранных в 33 биотопах Калининградской области. Детекцию генетического материала клещевых патогенов проводили в индивидуальных клещах методом ПЦР с последующим секвенированием и филогенетическим анализом специфических последовательностей ДНК.</p> <p>Результаты. Уровень инфицированности клещей I. ricinus боррелиями составил 15,5%, причём генотипирование по последовательности гена p66 показало наличие ДНК боррелий четырех видов: Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii, B. valaisiana и B. lusitaniae. В клещах D. reticulatus ДНК боррелий не выявлено. Генетический материал Rickettsia spp. был обнаружен в обоих видах клещей, причём уровень инфицированности клещей I. ricinus составил 2,6%, а D. reticulatus — 21,2%. В клещах I. ricinus обнаружены риккетсии R. helvetica, а в луговых клещах — R. raoultii при проведении их генотипирования по гену gltA. ДНК Anaplasma phagocytophilum были обнаружены как в клещах I. ricinus, так и в клещах D. reticulatus. Выявлены также случаи коинфицирования индивидуального клеща несколькими клещевыми патогенами.</p> <p>Заключение. В клещах I. ricinus и D. reticulatus, собранных на территории Калининградской области, обнаружены 6 видов возбудителей клещевых инфекций бактериальной и протозойной природы, причём R. helvetica, R. raoultii и A. phagocytophilum были выявлены впервые.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ixodes ticks</kwd><kwd>tick-borne infections</kwd><kwd>Borrelia</kwd><kwd>Rickettsiae</kwd><kwd>Anaplasma</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>Kaliningrad region</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иксодовые клещи</kwd><kwd>клещевые инфекции</kwd><kwd>боррелии</kwd><kwd>риккетсии</kwd><kwd>анаплазмы</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>Калининградская область</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>ГЗ-7/21</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Charrel R.N., Attoui H., Butenko A.M., et al. 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