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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18522</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-447</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">waiiez</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hepatitis B virus preCore/Core region variability in pregnant women in the Republic of Guinea</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вариабельность preCore/Core-региона вируса гепатита В у беременных женщин в Гвинейской Республике</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory of immunology and virology of HIV infection, senior researcher, Laboratory of molecular immunology, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лаб. иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции, с.н.с. лаб. молекулярной иммунологии Санкт-Петербургского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-4380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balde</surname><given-names>Thierno A.L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бальде</surname><given-names>Тьерно Амаду Лабе</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="GN">Guinea</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Kindia, Republic of Guinea</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>сотрудник НИИ прикладной биологии Гвинеи, Киндия, Гвинейская Республика</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-6033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boumbaly</surname><given-names>Sanaba</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бумбали</surname><given-names>Санаба</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="GN">Guinea</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Chief, Graduate school, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Kindia, Republic of Guinea; Director, Centre International de Recherche sur les Infections Tropicales en Guinée</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. аспирантурой НИИ прикладной биологии Гвинеи, Киндия, Гвинейская Республика, директор Международного центра исследований тропических инфекций в Гвинее</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0547-3945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Serikova</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серикова</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of immunology and virology of HIV infection, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаб. иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции Санкт-Петербургского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-110X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>Elena B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Елена Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), biologist, Department for diagnosing HIV infection and AIDS-related diseases, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., биолог отделения ВИЧ-инфекции и СПИД-ассоциированных заболеваний Санкт-Петербургского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-102X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reingardt</surname><given-names>Diana E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рейнгардт</surname><given-names>Диана Эдуардовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics, Department for diagnosing HIV infection and AIDS-related diseases, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинической лабораторной диагностики отделения ВИЧ-инфекции и СПИД-ассоциированных заболеваний Санкт-Петербургского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-3674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Schemelev</surname><given-names>Alexandr N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of immunology and virology of HIV Infection, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаб. иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции Санкт-Петербургского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-9681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыденко</surname><given-names>Владимир Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of immunology and virology of HIV infection, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаб. иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции Санкт-Петербургского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1882-529X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anufrieva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ануфриева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of immunology and virology of HIV infection, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаб. иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции Санкт-Петербургского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-1993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Esaulenko</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эсауленко</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, Laboratory of viral hepatitis, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. лаб. вирусных гепатитов Санкт-Петербургского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>Areg A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>Арег Артемович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of RAS, Head, Laboratory of molecular immunology, Director, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, зав. лаб. молекулярной иммунологии, директор Санкт-Петербургского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Applied Biology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт прикладной биологии Гвинеи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Centre International de Recherche sur les Infections Tropicales en Guinée</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Международный исследовательский центр по тропическим инфекциям в Гвинее</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-01-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-22"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-01-22"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Ostankova Y.V., Balde T.A., Boumbaly S., Serikova E.N., Zueva E.B., Reingardt D.E., Schemelev A.N., Davydenko V.S., Anufrieva E.V., Esaulenko E.V., Totolian A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Останкова Ю.В., Бальде Т.А., Бумбали С., Серикова Е.Н., Зуева Е.Б., Рейнгардт Д.Э., Щемелев А.Н., Давыденко В.С., Ануфриева Е.В., Эсауленко Е.В., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostankova Y.V., Balde T.A., Boumbaly S., Serikova E.N., Zueva E.B., Reingardt D.E., Schemelev A.N., Davydenko V.S., Anufrieva E.V., Esaulenko E.V., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Останкова Ю.В., Бальде Т.А., Бумбали С., Серикова Е.Н., Зуева Е.Б., Рейнгардт Д.Э., Щемелев А.Н., Давыденко В.С., Ануфриева Е.В., Эсауленко Е.В., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18522">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18522</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>The vertical route of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission is a significant problem in African countries, which is characterized by late diagnosis of the disease and high mortality. The high prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Africa may be due to variability in the HBV preCore/Core region, mutations in which contribute to disease progression. Molecular genetic characterization of strains circulating among pregnant women may reflect the overall mutational profile of the pathogen in the population.</p> <p><bold>The objective </bold>of this study was to analyze the variability of the HBV preCore/Core region circulating among pregnant women in the Republic of Guinea.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study material included 480 plasma samples obtained from HBV-positive pregnant women from the Republic of Guinea. For all samples, the nucleotide sequences of the preCore/Core region of the HBV genome were sequenced and analyzed.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Amino acid variability in the preCore region was determined in 211 (43.96%), and in the Core region in 473 (98.54%) patients. 12 polymorphic sites of the preCore region were identified in which amino acid substitutions occurred, including 8, 2 and 5 positions identified for genotypes E, A and D, respectively. In the Core region, 67 substitution positions were identified, including 46 in samples of genotype E, 23 in HBV genotype A and 26 in genotype D. It was shown that the distribution of substitutions in the preCore and Core regions in HBV genotypes E, A and D differs significantly with a predominance in mutations among HBV genotype E — <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001. Individual characteristic mutations have been identified for each genotype. The most common clinically significant mutations in the preCore/Core region in the study group were identified, including pc-H5D (27,08%), pc-W28* (35,21%), c-E64D (33,54%), c-L116I/V/G (91,46 %), c-T146N (73,13%). The double mutation <italic>A1762T/G1764A</italic> in the basal core promoter was shown in 74 samples of HBV genotype E, which accounted for 15.42% of the total group and 16.59% of patients with HBV genotype E.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The frequency of clinically significant preCore/Core mutations among pregnant women in the Republic of Guinea was determined. The data obtained reflect their prevalence in the general population and can be used to predict the progression of chronic HBV among the region's population.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Вертикальный путь передачи вируса гепатита В (ВГВ) является одним из наиболее значимых в странах Африки, для которых характерны позднее выявление заболевания и высокая смертность. Причиной высокой распространённости гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы в Африке может быть вариативность preCore/Core-региона ВГВ, мутации в котором способствуют прогрессированию заболевания. Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика штаммов, циркулирующих среди беременных женщин, может отражать общий мутационный профиль патогена в популяции.</p> <p><bold>Целью </bold>нашей работы был анализ вариабельности preCore/Core-региона ВГВ, циркулирующего среди беременных женщин в Гвинейской Республике.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Исследовали 480 образцов плазмы, полученных от ВГВ-позитивных беременных женщин из Гвинейской Республики. Для всех образцов проводили секвенирование и анализ нуклеотидных последовательностей preCore/Core-региона генома ВГВ.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Аминокислотная изменчивость в preCore-регионе определена у 211 (43,96%) пациенток, в Core-регионе — у 473 (98,54%). Выявлены 12 полиморфных участков preCore-региона, в которых происходили аминокислотные замены, в том числе для генотипов Е, А и D определены 8, 2 и 5 позиций соответственно. В Core-регионе определены 67 позиций замен, в том числе 46 в образцах генотипа Е, 23 — генотипа А, 26 — генотипа D. Распределение замен в preCore- и Core-регионах у ВГВ-генотипов Е, А и D значительно отличается с преобладанием мутаций среди генотипа Е (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,0001). Для каждого генотипа определены индивидуальные характерные мутации. Выявлены наиболее распространённые клинически значимые мутации в preCore/Core-регионе в обследуемой группе, в том числе pc-H5D (27,08%), pc-W28* (35,21%), c-E64D (33,54%), c-L116I/V/G (91,46%), c-T146N (73,13%). Двойная мутация <italic>A1762T/G1764A</italic> в базальном ядерном промоторе показана в 74 образцах генотипа Е, что составило 15,42% от общей группы и 16,59% от пациентов с генотипом Е.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Определена частота встречаемости клинически значимых мутаций preCore/Core среди беременных женщин Гвинейской Республики. Полученные данные отражают их распространённость в общей популяции и могут быть использованы для прогноза прогрессирования хронического гепатита В среди населения данного региона.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatitis B virus</kwd><kwd>occult hepatitis B</kwd><kwd>HBV variability</kwd><kwd>genotypes</kwd><kwd>clinically significant mutations</kwd><kwd>preCore/Core</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус гепатита В</kwd><kwd>скрытый гепатит В</kwd><kwd>вариабельность ВГВ</kwd><kwd>генотипы</kwd><kwd>клинически значимые мутации</kwd><kwd>preCore/Core</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Schweitzer A., Horn J., Mikolajczyk R.T., et al. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. 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