Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology1848510.36233/0372-9311-417uvszanREVIEWSОБЗОРЫResearch ArticleMolecular-genetic portrait of virulence of Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaМолекулярно-генетический портрет вирулентности Stenotrophomonas maltophiliahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-1304MikhailovichVladimir M.МихайловичВладимир Михайлович
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, Deputy Head, Laboratory of biological microchips, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology

д.б.н., с.н.с., зам. зав. лаб. биологических микрочипов Института молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта

nizarnn@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-2629GeydarovRustam N.ГейдаровРустам Николаевич
Russian Federation

senior laboratory assistant, Laboratory of biological microchips, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology

старший лаборант лаб. биологических микрочипов Института молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта

nizarnn@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0197-0255BocharovaJulia A.БочароваЮлия Александровна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Laboratory of molecular microbiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

к.м.н., в.н.с. лаб. молекулярной микробиологии РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова

nizarnn@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6691-2171ChebotarIgor V.ЧеботарьИгорь Викторович
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Laboratory of molecular microbiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

д.м.н., зав. лаб. молекулярной микробиологии РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова

nizarnn@yandex.ruEngelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyИнститут молекулярной биологии им. В.А. ЭнгельгардтаPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова22112023100538039021112023Copyright ©; 2023, Mikhailovich V.M., Geydarov R.N., Bocharova J.A., Chebotar I.V.Copyright ©; 2023, Михайлович В.М., Гейдаров Р.Н., Бочарова Ю.А., Чеботарь И.В.2023Mikhailovich V.M., Geydarov R.N., Bocharova J.A., Chebotar I.V.Михайлович В.М., Гейдаров Р.Н., Бочарова Ю.А., Чеботарь И.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18485

Introduction. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen that is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. The bacterium is associated with a number of serious diseases and makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of polymicrobial infections. S. maltophilia has a wide range of virulence factors, information about which is currently presented in the form of scattered and unconsolidated data.

Purposes and objectives: critically analyze and summarize current data regarding the molecular-genetic aspects of S. maltophilia virulence for better understanding of the pathogenesis of infections associated with this pathogen.

Materials and methods. An analysis of information from 80 modern literary sources devoted to the study of the virulent properties of S. maltophilia at the molecular-genetic level has been carried out. The analysis focuses on the mechanisms of production of virulence factors and their genetic determinants.

Results.The molecular mechanisms of virulence that determine the infectious process caused by S. maltophilia have been analyzed and summarized, including the adhesive function of the surface structures of the bacterial cell (lipopolysaccharides, pili/fimbriae, flagella), the production of extracellular enzymes, the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces and on the tissues of the macroorganism, the functioning of efflux pumps, secretion of small molecules into the external environment by the intercellular information exchange system Quorum Sensing, as well as the influence of iron metabolism on the virulence properties of S. maltophilia.

Conclusion. The adaptation mechanisms that allow S. maltophilia to adapt to new habitat niches and survive in the human body and unfavorable environmental conditions have been poorly studied. An analytical review summarizing current information on the molecular-genetic aspects of S. maltophilia virulence will be of interest to clinicians and researchers studying the fundamental mechanisms of virulence.

Введение. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia является условно-патогенным микроорганизмом, обладающим природной устойчивостью к широкому спектру антибиотиков. Бактерия ассоциирована с рядом серьёзных заболеваний и вносит значимый вклад в патогенез полимикробных инфекций. S. maltophilia обладает широким набором факторов вирулентности, информация о которых к настоящему времени представлена в виде разрозненных и необобщённых данных.

Цели и задачи: критически проанализировать и обобщить актуальные данные, затрагивающие молекулярно-генетические аспекты вирулентности S. maltophilia, для более глубокого понимания патогенеза инфекций, связанных с этим возбудителем.

Материалы и методы. Выполнен анализ информации из 80 современных литературных источников, посвящённых изучению вирулентных свойств S. maltophilia на молекулярно-генетическом уровне. Анализ сфокусирован на механизмах продукции факторов вирулентности и определяющих их генетических детерминантах.

Результаты. Проанализированы и обобщены молекулярные механизмы вирулентности, детерминирующие вызванный S. maltophilia инфекционный процесс, включая адгезивную функцию поверхностных структур бактериальной клетки (липополисахариды, пили/фимбрии, флагеллы), продукцию внеклеточных энзимов, способность формировать биоплёнки на абиотических поверхностях и на тканях макроорганизма, фукционирование эффлюкс-помп, секрецию во внешнюю среду малых молекул системой межклеточного обмена информацией Quorum Sensing, а также влияние метаболизма железа на вирулентные свойства S. maltophilia.

Заключение. Адаптационные механизмы, позволяющие S. maltophilia приспосабливаться к новым нишам обитания, выживать в организме человека и неблагоприятных условиях окружающей среды, изучены недостаточно. Аналитический обзор, обобщающий актуальные сведения о молекулярно-генетических аспектах вирулентности S. maltophilia, будет интересен клиническим специалистам и исследователям, изучающим фундаментальные механизмы вирулентности.

Stenotrophomonas maltophiliavirulence factorsadhesinsbiofilmsQuorum SensingStenotrophomonas maltophiliaфакторы вирулентностиадгезиныбиоплёнкиQuorum SensingThe work has been carried out with financial support from the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation under the State Assignment “Molecular-genetic mechanisms of the emergence and loss of antibiotic bacterial resistance in current opportunistic pathogens” (Number in the Integrated state information system for recording research, development and technological work for civil purposes (EGISU NIOKTR No.) 121060200152-8).Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации по Государственному заданию «Молекулярно-генетические механизмы возникновения и утраты антибиотикорезистентности у актуальных оппортунистических патогенов» (ЕГИСУ НИОКТР № 121060200152-8).Gröschel M.I., Meehan C.J., Barilar I., et al. 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