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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18484</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-379</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">tqghak</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Phylodynamic characteristics of the LMP-1 gene of the Epstein–Barr virus isolated in the Nizhny Novgorod region</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Филодинамическая характеристика гена LMP-1 вируса Эпштейна–Барр, изолированного на территории Нижегородской области</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6663-8440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryzgalova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брызгалова</surname><given-names>Дарья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of molecular biology and biotechnology, Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаб. молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии Нижегородского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. акад. И.Н. Блохиной</p></bio><email>saharnov@nniiem.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3965-2033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharnov</surname><given-names>Nikolay A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарнов</surname><given-names>Николай Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, Laboratory of molecular biology and biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., с.н.с. лаб. молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>saharnov@nniiem.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-5862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkova</surname><given-names>Maria I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попкова</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Мed.), leading researcher, Laboratory of molecular biology and biotechnology, Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., в.н.с. лаб. молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии Нижегородского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. акад. И.Н. Блохиной</p></bio><email>saharnov@nniiem.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-9618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soboleva</surname><given-names>Evgeniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболева</surname><given-names>Евгения Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>infectious disease physician, Nizhny Novgorod Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-инфекционист Нижегородского областного центра по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями</p></bio><email>saharnov@nniiem.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-1164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Мed.), infectious disease physician, allergologist and immunologist, Tonus Krokha i Semeynaya Stomatologiya LLC</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-инфекционист, аллерголог-иммунолог ООО «Тонус Кроха и семейная стоматология»</p></bio><email>saharnov@nniiem.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-525X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Utkin</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уткин</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory of molecular biology and biotechnology, Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лаб. молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии Нижегородского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. акад. И.Н. Блохиной</p></bio><email>saharnov@nniiem.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Нижегородский областной центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tonus Krokha i Semeynaya Stomatologiya LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Тонус Кроха и семейная стоматология»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>369</fpage><lpage>379</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Bryzgalova D.A., Sakharnov N.A., Popkova M.I., Soboleva E.A., Kulova E.A., Utkin O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Брызгалова Д.А., Сахарнов Н.А., Попкова М.И., Соболева Е.А., Кулова Е.А., Уткин О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bryzgalova D.A., Sakharnov N.A., Popkova M.I., Soboleva E.A., Kulova E.A., Utkin O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Брызгалова Д.А., Сахарнов Н.А., Попкова М.И., Соболева Е.А., Кулова Е.А., Уткин О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18484">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18484</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common herpesviruses and has a pronounced genetic polymorphism. The study of the phylodynamic characteristics of the virus is an important aspect of the study of evolutionary changes in the <italic>LMP-1</italic> gene and their consequences.</p> <p>The <bold>aim </bold>of the work was a philodynamic analysis of EBV isolates from Nizhny Novgorod region based on the C-terminal fragment of the <italic>LMP-1</italic> gene.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 158 EBV isolates obtained from blood leukocytes and saliva of children aged 1–17 years with a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV (<italic>n</italic> = 68) and apparently healthy children of comparable sex and age (<italic>n </italic>= 29). <italic>LMP-1</italic> genovariants were obtained using the Sanger sequencing method. Comparative analysis of amino acid sequences was performed using the MEGA X program. Philodynamic analysis of the obtained nucleotide sequences and isolates deposited in GenBank was carried out using the BEAST v. 1.10.4 software package. Recombination analysis was performed using the Simplot program.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> 158 nucleotide sequences of the C-terminal fragment of the <italic>LMP-1</italic> gene from Nizhny Novgorod region EBV isolates were obtained and deposited in the GenBank database. The circulation time of the nearest common ancestor for the modified B95-8 genovariants with <italic>G212S</italic> + <italic>E328Q</italic> + <italic>S366T</italic> and NC mutations with the <italic>D250N</italic> substitution has been established dating back to 1994 and 1923. The rate of evolution of these genovariants was the highest and amounted to 1.298 × 10<sup>–4</sup> and 7.868 × 10<sup>–4</sup> nucleotide substitutions/site/year. Recombinations were detected in the Nizhny Novgorod region sequences Med-, B95-8, China 1 with mutations <italic>G212S</italic>, <italic>G212S</italic>, <italic>E214Q</italic>, respectively.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> For the first time, a phylodynamic characterization of Nizhny Novgorod region isolates and <italic>LMP-1</italic> EBV genovariants isolated in various regions of the world is given. The data obtained expand the existing understanding of the circulation of EBV <italic>LMP-1</italic> genovariants in the territory of the European part of Russia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Вирус Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ) относится к числу самых распространённых герпесвирусов и обладает выраженным генетическим полиморфизмом. Изучение филодинамических характеристик вируса является важным аспектом исследования эволюционных изменений гена <italic>LMP-1</italic> и их последствий.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — филодинамический анализ нижегородских изолятов ВЭБ на основе C-концевого фрагмента гена <italic>LMP-1.</italic></p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование были включены 158 изолятов ВЭБ, полученных из лейкоцитов крови и слюны детей 1–17 лет с диагнозом «инфекционный мононуклеоз, вызванный ВЭБ» (<italic>n</italic> = 68) и условно здоровых детей сопоставимого пола и возраста (<italic>n</italic> = 29). Геноварианты <italic>LMP-1 </italic>были получены с помощью метода секвенирования по Сэнгеру. Сравнительный анализ аминокислотных последовательностей проводили в программе «MEGA X», филодинамический анализ полученных нуклеотидных последовательностей и изолятов, депонированных в GenBank, — в пакете программ «BEAST v. 1.10.4», рекомбинационный анализ — в программе «Simplot».</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Получены и депонированы в базу данных GenBank 158 нуклеотидных последовательностей С-концевого фрагмента гена <italic>LMP-1</italic> нижегородских изолятов ВЭБ. Установлено время циркуляции ближайшего общего предка для модифицированных геновариантов B95-8 с мутациями <italic>G212S</italic> + <italic>E328Q</italic> + <italic>S366T</italic> и NC с заменой <italic>D250N</italic>, датируемое 1994 и 1923 гг. Скорость эволюции данных геновариантов была наиболее высокой и составила 1,298 × 10<sup>–4</sup> и<sup> </sup>7,868 × 10<sup>–4</sup> нуклеотидных замен/сайт/год. Выявлены рекомбинации в нижегородских последовательностях Med–, B95-8, China 1 с мутациями <italic>G212S</italic>, <italic>G212S</italic>, <italic>Е214Q</italic> соответственно.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Впервые дана филодинамическая характеристика нижегородских изолятов и геновариантов <italic>LMP-1 </italic>ВЭБ, изолированных в разных регионах мира. Полученные данные расширяют существующие представления о циркуляции геновариантов <italic>LMP-1</italic> ВЭБ на территории европейской части России.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Epstein–Barr virus</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>LMP-1</kwd><kwd>infectious mononucleosis</kwd><kwd>philodynamics</kwd><kwd>genovariants</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус Эпштейна–Барр</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>LMP-1</kwd><kwd>инфекционный мононуклеоз</kwd><kwd>филодинамика</kwd><kwd>геноварианты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Agwati E.O., Oduor C.I., Ayieko C., et al. Profiling genome-wide recombination in Epstein–Barr virus reveals type-specific patterns and associations with endemic-Burkitt lymphoma. Virol. J. 2022;19(1):208. 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