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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18483</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-366</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">svsjaw</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of coxsackievirus A6 circulation in the territories of the Far Eastern Federal district of the Russian Federation in 2014–2019</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ циркуляции коксакивируса А6 в субъектах Дальневосточного федерального округа Российской Федерации в 2014–2019 годах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-3691</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Butakova</surname><given-names>Liudmila V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутакова</surname><given-names>Людмила Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Far Eastern regional scientific methodological center for the study of enterovirus infection, Khabarovsk Research Institute of Epidemiology and<italic> </italic>Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н.с. Дальневосточного регионального научно-методического центра по изучению энтеровирусных инфекций Хабаровского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии, Хабаровск</p></bio><email>evi.khv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4438-6913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapega</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапега</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Head, Far Eastern regional scientific methodological center for the study of enterovirus infection, Khabarovsk Research Institute of Epidemiology and<italic> </italic>Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., в.н.с., рук. Дальневосточного регионального научно-методического центра по изучению энтеровирусных инфекций Хабаровского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии</p></bio><email>evi.khv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3050-4472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trotsenko</surname><given-names>Olga. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Троценко</surname><given-names>Ольга Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>. Sci. (Med.), Director, Khabarovsk Research Institute of Epidemiology and<italic> </italic>Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., директор Хабаровского НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии</p></bio><email>evi.khv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Khabarovsk Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Хабаровский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>358</fpage><lpage>368</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Butakova L.V., Sapega E.Y., Trotsenko O.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Бутакова Л.В., Сапега Е.Ю., Троценко О.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Butakova L.V., Sapega E.Y., Trotsenko O.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бутакова Л.В., Сапега Е.Ю., Троценко О.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18483">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18483</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Molecular epidemiological monitoring of enterovirus infection (EVI) in the territories of the Russian Federation showed that coxsackievirus A6 (CVA-6) had been one of the most prevalent types of enteroviruses that circulated among the country population during last years and had caused majority of EVI outbreaks.</p> <p><bold>Objective</bold> —<bold> </bold>to evaluate coxsackievirus A6 circulation in the territories of the Far Eastern Federal district (FEFD) in 2014–2019 utilizing methods of molecular genetics.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>RT-PCR was employed to detect enterovirus RNA in biological material collected in 9 territories of the FEFD . In order to establish enterovirus types, amplification of positive samples was carried out to detect nucleotide sequence fragments of the <italic>VP1</italic> and <italic>VP2</italic> genes. Molecular genetic analysis of the Far Eastern CVA-6 strains was based on detection of nucleotide sequences of <italic>VP1</italic> and <italic>3Dpol</italic> gene fragments. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by the means of Bayesian phylogenetic methods.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Total 1773 nucleotide sequences of 43 types of non-polio enteroviruses were obtained in 2014-2019. Majority of the sequences belonged to coxsackievirus A6 (524; 29.5%). In the years of the highest CVA-6 detection an increase in EVI incidence as well as EVI outbreaks were observed in the territories of FEFD. The most prevalent manifestations of EVI caused by CVA-6 in FEFD were herpangina and exanthemic forms. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Far Eastern strains of CVA-6 during in the analyzed period of time belonged to D3 subgenotype that is dominant in the world. The circulation of several recombinant forms of CVA-6 (RF-A, -H, -L, -N, -R) was also registered.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The genetic diversity of CVA-6 strains circulating in the territories of the FEFD in 2014–2019 revealed in this study requires further investigation in order to obtain new knowledge about the CVA-6 molecular epidemiology and improve the enterovirus surveillance system.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Молекулярно-эпидемиологический мониторинг за энтеровирусной инфекцией (ЭВИ) в субъектах Российской Федерации показал, что коксакивирус А6 (КВ-А6) на протяжении последних лет был одним из доминирующих типов энтеровирусов (ЭВ), циркулировавших среди населения страны, и в отдельные годы явился причиной большинства вспышек ЭВИ.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> работы — провести анализ циркуляции КВ-А6 в субъектах Дальневосточного федерального округа (ДФО) в 2014–2019 гг. с использованием молекулярно-генетических методов.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Биологический материал, поступавший из 9 субъектов ДФО, исследовали методом полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией для обнаружения РНК ЭВ. Проводили амплификацию положительных образцов для получения нуклеотидных последовательностей фрагментов генов <italic>VP1</italic> и <italic>VP2</italic> для дальнейшего установления типа ЭВ. Для молекулярно-генетического анализа дальневосточных штаммов КВ-А6 получены нуклеотидные последовательности фрагментов генов <italic>VP1</italic> и <italic>3Dpol</italic>. Построение филогенетических деревьев осуществляли с использованием Байесовых филогенетических методов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> C 2014 по 2019 г. получены 1773 нуклеотидные последовательности неполиомиелитных ЭВ 43 типов, циркулировавших в ДФО, при этом основная часть сиквенсов принадлежала КВ-А6 (524; 29,5%). В годы наибольшей идентификации КВ-А6 в субъектах ДФО наблюдались подъёмы заболеваемости ЭВИ с регистрацией вспышечных очагов. Из клинических проявлений ЭВИ, вызванных КВ-А6, в ДФО преобладали герпангина и экзантемные формы. Филогенетический анализ показал принадлежность дальневосточных штаммов КВ-А6 к превалирующему во всём мире субгенотипу D3, а также циркуляцию в анализируемый период времени нескольких рекомбинантных форм КВ-А6 (RF-A, -H, -L, -N, -R).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Установленное генетическое разнообразие штаммов КВ-А6, циркулировавших в субъектах ДФО в 2014–2019 гг., требует дальнейшего изучения для получения новых знаний о молекулярной эпидемиологии КВ-А6 и совершенствования системы эпидемиологического надзора за ЭВИ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>enterovirus infection</kwd><kwd>enteroviruses</kwd><kwd>coxsackievirus A6</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>recombinant forms</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>энтеровирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>энтеровирусы</kwd><kwd>коксакивирус А6</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>рекомбинантные формы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Tapparel C., Siegrist F., Petty T.J., Kaiser L. 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