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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18476</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-422</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">uhrcap</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative evaluation of disinfectant efficacy against biofilm-residing microorganisms</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительная оценка эффективности воздействия дезинфицирующих веществ на микроорганизмы в биоплёнке</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Людмила Самуиловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, Laboratory of overcoming microbial resistance, Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией преодоления микробной резистентности НИИ системной биологии и медицины</p></bio><email>fedorova-ls@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-3495</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyakova</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильякова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of overcoming microbial resistance, Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н.с. лаб. преодоления микробной резистентности НИИ системной биологии и медицины</p></bio><email>fedorova-ls@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт системной биологии и медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>302</fpage><lpage>309</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-20"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Fedorova L.S., Ilyakova A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Федорова Л.С., Ильякова А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorova L.S., Ilyakova A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федорова Л.С., Ильякова А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18476">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18476</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Bacteria in biofilms (BFs) have increased resistance to antibacterial agents, including disinfectants; however, the efficacy level varies depending on the chosen treatment. Therefore, evaluation of efficacy of main disinfectants against BF-residing microorganisms is of scientific and practical interest.</p> <p>The <bold>purpose</bold> of the study was to explore the effect of disinfectants from various chemical groups on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria residing in BFs.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The effect of the following disinfectants has been evaluated: alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC), tertiary amine (TA), polyhexamethylene guanidine chloride (PHMG), hydrogen peroxide (HP), chloramine (CA), dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium salt (Na DCC), sodium hypochlorite (HC), ethyl alcohol (EA), glutaraldehyde (GA)) against <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 </italic>and <italic>Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P</italic> BFs. BFs were grown in 96-well plates at 37ºC for 24 hours and then exposed to biocide solutions. The efficacy of disinfectants was evaluated by the number of remaining viable cells and BF relative density.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The analyzed bacterial strains formed moderate BFs;<bold> </bold>the average number of viable cells in BFs was 6.51 ± 0.19 lg. The viable bacterial cell counts in BFs reduced by more than 4 lg when exposed to HP solutions at a concentration of 6%, Na DCC solution — 0.1% (by active chlorine), HC — 1% (by active chlorine), CA – 1% (by product), PHMG — 0.05%, TA — 1.0 %. The BF density decreased by more than 70%. ADBAC solutions at concentrations of 0.1–1.0%, TA — 0.05%, HP — 3%, Na DCC solution — 0.05% (by active chlorine) caused a 2-lg reduction in viable cell counts in BFs. The efficacy of chlorine-active compounds and HP increased when 0.5% sulfonol was added. GA (0.25–1.00%) and EA (40–70%) solutions were ineffective against BF microorganisms.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> A promising potential in combating microbial biofilms is demonstrated by disinfectants from the group of oxidizing agents (chlorine-active and oxygen-containing), TA and PHMG; using ADBAC as an individual compound is ineffective; aldehydes and alcohols are unable to destroy BFs and eliminate microorganisms in them.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Бактерии в биоплёнке (БП) обладают повышенной устойчивостью к антибактериальным агентам, в том числе дезинфицирующим веществам (ДВ), однако степень эффекта варьирует в зависимости от приложенного воздействия. В связи с этим оценка эффективности основных ДВ в отношении микроорганизмов в БП представляет научный и практический интерес.</p> <p><bold>Целью </bold>исследования было изучение воздействия ДВ различных химических групп на грамположительные и грамотрицательные бактерии в составе БП.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Изучено действие ДВ: алкилдиметилбензиламмония хлорида (АДБАХ), третичного амина (ТА), полигексаметиленгуанидина хлорида (ПГМГ), перекиси водорода (ПВ), хлорамина (ХА), натриевой соли дихлоризоциануровой кислоты (Na-ДХЦК), гипохлорита натрия (ГХ), спирта этилового (ЭС), глутарового альдегида (ГА)) в отношении <italic>Pseudomonas</italic><italic> </italic><italic>aeruginosa</italic><italic> </italic><italic>ATCC</italic><italic> 15442 </italic>и <italic>Staphylococcus</italic><italic> </italic><italic>aureus</italic><italic> </italic><italic>ATCC</italic><italic> 6538-</italic><italic>P</italic> в БП. БП культивировали в 96-луночных планшетах при 37<sup>о</sup>С в течение 24 ч, затем воздействовали на них растворами биоцидов. Эффективность воздействия ДВ оценивали на основании регистрации оставшихся жизнеспособных клеток и относительной плотности БП.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Изученные штаммы бактерий образовывали умеренную БП,<bold> </bold>среднее количество жизнеспособных клеток в БП составило 6,51 ± 0,19 lg. Количество жизнеспособных клеток бактерий в составе БП снижалось на 4 lg и более под действием растворов ПВ в концентрации 6%, раствора Na-ДХЦК — 0,1% (по активному хлору), ГХ — 1% (по активному хлору), ХА — 1% (по препарату), ПГМГ — 0,05%, ТА — 1,0 %. При этом плотность БП снижалась на 70% и более. Растворы АДБАХ в концентрациях 0,1–1,0%, ТА — 0,05%, ПВ — 3%, раствор Na-ДХЦК — 0,05% (по активному хлору) обеспечивали снижение жизнеспособных клеток в БП на 2 lg. Эффективность воздействия хлорактивных соединений и ПВ повышалась при добавлении 0,5% сульфонола. Растворы ГА (0,25–1,00%) и ЭС (40–70%) были неэффективны в отношении микроорганизмов в БП.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Для борьбы с микробными плёнками перспективны ДВ из группы окислителей (хлорактивные и кислородсодержащие), ТА и ПГМГ; применение АДБАХ как индивидуального соединения неэффективно; альдегиды и спирты для разрушения БП и уничтожения в ней микроорганизмов не пригодны.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biofilms</kwd><kwd>biocides</kwd><kwd>disinfectants</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial resistance</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоплёнки</kwd><kwd>биоциды</kwd><kwd>дезинфицирующие вещества</kwd><kwd>резистентность микроорганизмов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Algburi A., Comito N., Kashtanov D., et al. Control of biofilm formation: antibiotics and beyond. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2017;83(3):e02508–16. 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