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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18473</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0372-9311-423</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">tkklhp</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Studying the genetic diversity of the varicella-zoster virus in selected regions of the Russian Federation using high-throughput sequencing</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изучение генетического разнообразия вируса ветряной оспы в отдельных регионах Российской Федерации при помощи высокопроизводительного секвенирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3217-0963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nadtoka</surname><given-names>Maksim I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Надтока</surname><given-names>Максим Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Genomics research laboratory, Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаб. геномных исследований ЦНИИ Эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</p></bio><email>maximnadtoka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-1631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenkov</surname><given-names>Vladislav G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенков</surname><given-names>Владислав Геннадиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>bioinformatician, Genomics research laboratory, Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биоинформатик лаб. геномных исследований ЦНИИ Эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</p></bio><email>maximnadtoka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-7196</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Agletdinov</surname><given-names>Matvei R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аглетдинов</surname><given-names>Матвей Рашидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>bioinformatician, Genomics research laboratory, Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биоинформатик лаб. геномных исследований ЦНИИ Эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</p></bio><email>maximnadtoka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-6296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishkin</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишкин</surname><given-names>Андрей Альбертович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. ЦНИИ Эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</p></bio><email>maximnadtoka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-4025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonina</surname><given-names>Natalia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонина</surname><given-names>Наталия Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher, Laboratory for immunological prophylaxis, Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с. лаб. иммунопрофилактики ЦНИИ Эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</p></bio><email>maximnadtoka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ploskireva</surname><given-names>Antonina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плоскирева</surname><given-names>Антонина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Deputy director for clinical work, Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зам. директора ЦНИИ Эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора по клинической работе</p></bio><email>maximnadtoka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8736-4007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheeva</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеева</surname><given-names>Ирина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, Laboratory for immunological prophylaxis, Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. лаб. иммунопрофилактики ЦНИИ Эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</p></bio><email>maximnadtoka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5524-0296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khafizov</surname><given-names>Kamil F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хафизов</surname><given-names>Камиль Фаридович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head, Genomics research laboratory, Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лаб. геномных исследований ЦНИИ Эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</p></bio><email>maximnadtoka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>Vasily G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>Василий Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director,Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор ЦНИИ Эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</p></bio><email>maximnadtoka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>267</fpage><lpage>275</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-20"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Nadtoka M.I., Lysenkov V.G., Agletdinov M.R., Mishkin A.A., Afonina N.M., Ploskireva A.A., Mikheeva I.V., Khafizov K.F., Akimkin V.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Надтока М.И., Лысенков В.Г., Аглетдинов М.Р., Мишкин А.А., Афонина Н.М., Плоскирева А.А., Михеева И.В., Хафизов К.Ф., Акимкин В.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nadtoka M.I., Lysenkov V.G., Agletdinov M.R., Mishkin A.A., Afonina N.M., Ploskireva A.A., Mikheeva I.V., Khafizov K.F., Akimkin V.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Надтока М.И., Лысенков В.Г., Аглетдинов М.Р., Мишкин А.А., Афонина Н.М., Плоскирева А.А., Михеева И.В., Хафизов К.Ф., Акимкин В.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18473">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/18473</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the causative agent of the disease of the same name and herpes zoster, is phylogenetically divided into 8 clades, the distribution of which is characterized by geographic reference to certain regions of the world. For most countries, VZV clades circulating in their territories have been identified, however, such information is almost unavailable for Russia.</p> <p>The <bold>purpose </bold>of the study is to develop an effective method for VZV typing using high-throughput sequencing technologies to identify the prevalence of various VZV clades in Moscow, Moscow Region, and Stavropol Territory.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> To genotype VZV, it is enough to refer to 7 nucleotide positions. Their unique combinations can be used to assign the virus to one of the clades. Short sections of nucleotide sequences of open reading frames were obtained using a developed set of primers.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> A VZV genotyping technique has been developed and optimized. Using this technique, primary data on the distribution of VZV clades in the studied regions have been obtained. Thus, it has been established that in Moscow and a number of other regions, the 1st, 3rd, and 5th clades of VZV are predominantly distributed.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The developed technique, including a primer panel and a genotyping algorithm, allows VZV typing in a short time while reducing specimen preparation costs and simultaneously increasing the number of specimens in one sequencing cycle. The results obtained using this assay allow us to assume that in Moscow, Moscow Region, Stavropol Territory, VZV, clades 1, 3, and 5 are the most represented ones. To confirm this hypothesis, it is necessary to include a larger number of clinical specimens in subsequent studies, including from other regions of the country.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Вирус ветряной оспы (VZV) — возбудитель одноимённого заболевания и опоясывающего лишая, филогенетически подразделяется на 8 клад, для распространения которых характерна географическая привязка к тем или иным регионам мира. Для большинства стран установлены циркулирующие на их территориях клады VZV, однако для России аналогичная информация практически отсутствует.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования — разработка эффективной методики типирования VZV с использованием технологий высокопроизводительного секвенирования для выявления распространённости различных клад VZV в Москве, Московской области и Ставропольском крае.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Для генотипирования VZV достаточно задействовать 7 нуклеотидных позиций, по уникальным сочетаниям которых возможно отнести вирус к одной из клад. Короткие участки нуклеотидных последовательностей открытых рамок считывания получали при помощи разработанного набора праймеров.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Разработана и оптимизирована методика генотипирования VZV. При помощи данной методики получены первичные данные о распределении клад VZV в исследуемых регионах. Таким образом, было установлено, что в Москве и ряде других регионов распространены преимущественно 1, 3 и 5-я клады VZV.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Разработанная методика, включающая праймерную панель и алгоритм генотипирования, позволяет произвести типирование VZV в короткие сроки при снижении затрат на пробоподготовку и одновременном увеличении количества образцов в одном цикле секвенирования. Результаты, полученные с использованием данного протокола, позволяют сделать предположение о том, что в Москве, Московской области и Ставропольском крае наибольшую представленность имеют клады 1, 3 и 5 VZV. Для подтверждения данной гипотезы требуется включить в последующие исследования большее количество клинических образцов, в том числе из других регионов страны.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>varicella zoster virus</kwd><kwd>VZV</kwd><kwd>genotyping of varicella zoster virus</kwd><kwd>VZV genotyping</kwd><kwd>next generation sequencing</kwd><kwd>high-throughput sequencing</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус ветряной оспы</kwd><kwd>VZV</kwd><kwd>генотипирование вируса ветряной оспы</kwd><kwd>генотипирование VZV</kwd><kwd>секвенирование следующего поколения</kwd><kwd>высокопроизводительное секвенирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Laing K.J., Ouwendijk W.J.D., Koelle D.M., Verjans G.M.G.M. Immunobiology of varicella-zoster virus infection. J. Infect. Dis. 2018;218(Suppl. 2):S68–74. 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