Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyJournal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiologyЖурнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии0372-93112686-7613Central Research Institute for Epidemiology1710.36233/0372-9311-2016-1-102-112REVIEWSОБЗОРЫVIRAL HEPATITIS C: EVOLUTION OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC PROCESS, EVOLUTION OF THE VIRUSВИРУСНЫЙ ГЕПАТИТ С: ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА, ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ВИРУСАZhebrunA. B.ЖебрунА. Б.
Russian Federation
KalininaO. V.КалининаО. В.
Russian Federation
Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and MicrobiologyСанкт-Петербургский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера2802201693110211210042019Copyright ©; 2016, Zhebrun A.B., Kalinina O.V.Copyright ©; 2016, Жебрун А.Б., Калинина О.В.2016Zhebrun A.B., Kalinina O.V.Жебрун А.Б., Калинина О.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/17

Periodization of the evolution of epidemic process of hepatitis C is given based on the results of phylodynamic, phylogeographic, historic and demographic studies: invasion of the virus into European and North American population in 1700 - 1850; primary activation of the epidemic process in the years of the World War 1; expansive growth of prevalence in 40 - 60s of the 20th century due to mass parenteral interventions; new rise due to heroine drug abuse in 60 - 80s of the 20th century; manifold reduction of incidence of acute hepatitis C in industrial countries for the last 10 - 15 years as a result of general medical measures of prevention of hemocontact infections. A problem of possibility of hepatitis C management and necessity of evaluation of effectiveness of existing prophylaxis measures involving quantitative analytical methods of epidemiology is discussed. Data from phylogenetic studies on stages of hepatitis C virus evolution (HCV) are provided: division of its root genetic lineage with homologous hepaciviruses of animals 985 - 2013 years ago; division ofHCV into genotypes 500 - 2000 years ago; division ofgenotypes into subtypes 70 - 300 years ago. Contribution of mutations and genetic recombinations into HCV evolution is discussed. Genotyping is stated as an inefficient approach for determination of pathogenicity determinants, immune evasion, non-responsiveness to therapy, as well as search for predictors of infection outcome. A necessity of genomic approach for these aims is justified, as well as for risk monitoring, ensuing from continuing evolution and biodiversity of HCV and other hepaciviruses.

На основании результатов филодинамических, филогеографических, исторических и демографических исследований приводится периодизация эволюции эпидемического процесса гепатита С: вторжение вируса в европейскую и северо-американскую популяцию в 1700 - 1850 годы; первичная активизация эпидемического процесса в годы 1 Мировой войны; экспансивный рост распространенности в 40 - 60-е годы ХХ в. вследствие массовых парентеральных вмешательств; новый подъем, связанный с героиновой наркоманией в 60 - 80-е годы ХХ в.; многократное снижение инцидентности острого гепатита С в индустриальных странах за последние 10 - 15 лет в результате общемедицинских мер предупреждения гемоконтактных инфекций. Обсуждается вопрос о возможности управления гепатитом С и необходимости оценки эффективности существующих мер профилактики с привлечением количественных аналитических методов эпидемиологии. Приводятся данные филогенетических исследований об этапах эволюции вируса гепатита С (ВГС): разделение его корневой генетической линии с гомологичными гепасивирусами животных 985 - 2013 лет назад; разделение ВГС на генотипы 500 - 2000 лет назад; разделение генотипов на субтипы 70 - 300 лет назад. Обсуждается вклад мутаций и генетических рекомбинаций в эволюцию ВГС. Констатируется, что генотипирование оказалось малопродуктивным подходом для определения детерминант патогенности, иммунного ускользания, неотвечаемости на терапию, а также для поиска предикторов исхода инфекции. Обосновывается необходимость геномного подхода для этих целей, а также для мониторинга риска, вытекающего из продолжающейся эволюции и биоразнообразия ВГС и других гепасивирусов.

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