<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0372-9311</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2686-7613</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">13946</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">EPIDEMIC VARIANTS OF NOROVIRUS GENOTYPE GII.4 IN NIZHNY NOVGOROD IN 2006 - 2012</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКИЕ ВАРИАНТЫ НОРОВИРУСОВ ГЕНОТИПА GII.4 В НИЖНЕМ НОВГОРОДЕ В 2006 - 2012 ГГ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Epifanova</surname><given-names>N. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Епифанова</surname><given-names>Н. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukovnikova</surname><given-names>L. B</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луковникова</surname><given-names>Л. Б</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>N. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Н. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfenova</surname><given-names>O. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфенова</surname><given-names>О. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>S. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>С. Г</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Нижегородский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>91</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO2 (2014)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№2 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2014, Epifanova N.V., Lukovnikova L.B., Novikova N.A., Parfenova O.V., Fomina S.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Епифанова Н.В., Луковникова Л.Б., Новикова Н.А., Парфенова О.В., Фомина С.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Epifanova N.V., Lukovnikova L.B., Novikova N.A., Parfenova O.V., Fomina S.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Епифанова Н.В., Луковникова Л.Б., Новикова Н.А., Парфенова О.В., Фомина С.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/13946">https://microbiol.crie.ru/jour/article/view/13946</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. Genotyping of noroviruses that had circulated in the territory of Nizhny Novgorod during 6 epidemic seasons (2006 - 2012), detection of dominating genovariants and analysis of their change. Materials and methods. Feces samples from children hospitalized in an intestinal infection department of one of the infectious disease hospitals of Nizhny Novgorod served as material for the study. Noroviruses were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes and gene variants were determined by analysis of nucleotide sequences of viral genome regions coding capsid protein and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. Results. During examination of 6589 children with an acute intestinal infection between July 2006 and June 2012 noroviruses were detected in 17.55% of cases. Nucleotide sequences of capsid and/or polymerase gene regions were determined for 114 norovirus isolates. Genotyping has shown that noroviruses of 8 various genotypes had circulated in the territory of Nizhny Novgorod - GII.1, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GlI.7, GII.12, GII.13 with the domination of GII.4 noroviruses for the whole observation period. A dynamic of change of epidemic variants of genotype GII.4 noroviruses that had been accompanied by an increase of frequency of detection of norovirus in children hospitalized with acute intestinal infection similar to global was established. A short-term circulation of GII.4 2006b-NN 2008 norovirus subvariant in spring of2008 and spread of genotype GII.12 norovirus during 2009, 2010 epidemic season were also shown. Conclusion. The data obtained give evidence to the necessity of norovirus circulation monitoring with the aim of early detection of novel virus variants that may determine an increase of norovirus infection morbidity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель. Генотипирование норовирусов, циркулировавших на территории Нижнего Новгорода в течение шести эпидсезонов (2006 - 2012 гг.), выявление доминирующих геновариантов и анализ их смены. Материалы и методы. Материалом для исследования служили образцы фекалий детей, госпитализированных в отделение кишечных инфекций одного из инфекционных стационаров Нижнего Новгорода. Норовирусы выявляли методом обратной транскрипции полимеразной цепной реакции. Генотипы и геноварианты норовирусов определяли путем анализа нуклеотидных последовательностей участков вирусного генома, кодирующих капсидный белок и РНК-зависимую РНК-полимеразу. Результаты. При обследовании 6589 детей с острой кишечной инфекцией в период с июля 2006 г. по июнь 2012 г. норовирусы обнаружены в 17,55% случаев. Для 114 изолятов норовирусов определены нуклеотидные последовательности участков генов капсидного белка и/или полимеразы. Генотипирование показало, что на территории Нижнего Новгорода циркулировали норовирусы восьми различных генотипов - GII.1, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.12, GII.13 при доминировании в течение всего периода наблюдения норовирусов GII.4. Установлена сходная с общемировой динамика смены эпидемических вариантов норовирусов генотипа GII.4, сопровождавшейся ростом частоты обнаружения норовирусов у детей, госпитализированных с острой кишечной инфекцией. Показана также кратковременная циркуляция весной 2008 г. норовируса субварианта GII.4 2006b-NN 2008 и распространение в эпидсезон 2009, 2010 гг. норовируса генотипа GII.12. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости мониторинга циркуляции норовирусов с целью раннего выявления новых вариантов вируса, которые могут обусловить рост заболеваемости норовирусной инфекцией.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>noroviruses</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>epidemic variants</kwd><kwd>20.07.13</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>норовирусы</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>эпидемические варианты</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Боднев С.А. Молекулярно-эпидемиологическое исследование норовирусной инфекции у детей раннего возраста Новосибирска. Автореф. дис.канд. биол. наук, 2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Буланова И. А. Титова Л. В., Самодова О. В. и др. Этиологическая структура вирусных диарей у детей в Архангельской области. Инфекционные болезни. 2008, 6 (1): 58-60.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Епифанова Н.В., Новикова Н.А. Рекомбинантный норовирус GII.Pg_GII.12 у детей с острой кишечной инфекцией. Эпидемиология и гигиена. 2013, 12 (2): 22-26.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Луковникова Л.Б., Епифанова Н.В., Новиков Д.В., Новикова Н.А. Генетическое разнообразие калицивирусов человека, обнаруженных у детей с гастроэнтеритом в Нижнем Новгороде. Вопросы вирусологии. 2009, 54 (6): 24-28.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Подколзин А.Т., Мухина А.А., Шипулин Г.Г. и др. Изучение этиологии острых кишечных инфекций у детей, госпитализированных в инфекционные отделения стационаров Москвы. Инфекционные болезни. 2004, 2 (4): 85-91.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Bull R., Tu E., McIver C. et al. Emergence of a new norovirus genotype II.4 variant associated with global outbreaks of Gastroenteritis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006, 44 (2): 327-333.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Hansen S., Stamm-Balderjahn S., Zuschneid I. et. al. Closure of medical departments during nosocomial outbreaks: data from a systematic analysis of the literature. J. Hosp. Infect. 2007, 65 (4): 348-353.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Hoa Tran T.N., Trainor E., Nakagomi T. et. al. Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses associated with acute sporadic gastroenteritis in children: Global distribution of genogroups, genotypes and GII.4 variants. J. Clin. Virol. 2013, 56 (3): 269-277.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Jiang X., Huang P.W, Zhong W. M. et al. Design and evaluation of a primer pair that detects both Norwalk- and Sapporo-like Caliciviruses by RT-PCR. J. Virol. Methods. 1999, 83 (1-2): 145-154.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Kageyama T., Kojima S., Shinohara M. et al. Broadly reactive and highly sensitive assay for Norwalk-like viruses based on real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2003, 41 (4): 1548-1557.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Kapikian A.Z., Wyatt R.G., Dolin R. et. al. Visualization by immune electron microscopy of a 27-nm particle associated with acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis. J. Virol. 1972, 10 (5): 1075-1081.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Koopmans M. Progress in understanding Norovirus epidemiology. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2008, 21 (5): 544-552.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Kroneman A., Vennema H., Deforche K. et al. An automated genotyping tool for enteroviruses and noroviruses. J. Clin. Virol. 2011, 51 (2): 121-125.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Phan T.G., Kaneshi K., Ueda Y. et al. Genetic heterogeneity, evolution, and recombination in noroviruses. J. Med. Virol. 2007, 79 (9): 1388-1400.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Siebenga J., Vennema H., Renchens B. et al. Epochal evolution of GGII.4 norovirus capsid proteins from 1995 to 2006. J. Virol. 2007, 81 (18): 9932-9941.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Tamura K., Peterson D., Peterson N. et al. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2011, 28 (10): 2731-2739.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>van Beek J., Kroneman A., Vennema H., Koopmans M. NoroNet report, April 2013. http:// www.rivm.nl/en/Topics/Topics/N/NoroNet.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>van Beek J., Ambert-Balay K., Botteldoorn N. et al. NoroNet. Indications for worldwide increased norovirus activity associated with emergence of a new variant of genotype II.4, late 2012. Euro Surveill. 2013, 18 (1): 8-9.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
